Idea Transcript
The New International, Dictionary of Pentecostal Charismatic Movements
Revised and Expanded Edition
Stanley M. Burgess, Editor and Eduard M. Van Der Maas, Associate Editor
Table of Contents Cover Page Title Page Preface Introduction Editors and Contributors Abbreviations PART I Global Survey AFGHANISTAN AFRICA, CENTRAL (Survey) AFRICA, EAST (Survey) AFRICA, NORTH, AND THE MIDDLE EAST (Survey) AFRICA, WEST (Survey) ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANGUILLA ANTIGUA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELGIUM BELIZE BELORUSSIA BENIN
BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BOUGAINVILLE BRAZIL BRITAIN BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS BRUNEI BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURMA BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS (Survey) CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA CHRISTMAS ISLAND COCOS (Keeling) ISLANDS COLOMBIA COMOROS CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, REPUBLIC OF THE (Brazzaville) COOK ISLANDS COSTA RICA CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK
DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA EUROPE, EASTERN (Survey) EUROPE, WESTERN (Survey) FAEROE ISLANDS FALKLAND ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH GUIANA FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GIBRALTAR GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUADELOUPE GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA, REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA
INDONESIA RAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY IVORY COAST JAMAICA (I) JAMAICA (II) JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRGHIZIA KIRIBATI KUWAIT LAOS LATIN AMERICA (Survey) LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE
MEXICO MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF MIDDLE EAST MOLDAVIA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTSERRAT MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NAURU NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA (Kanaky) NEW ZEALAND PACIFIC ISLANDS (Survey) NIGER NIGERIA NIUE ISLAND NORFOLK ISLAND NORTH KOREA NORTHERN CYPRUS NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PACIFIC ISLANDS (Survey) PAKISTAN PALAU PALESTINE PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES PITCAIRN ISLAND POLAND PORTUGAL
PUERTO RICO QATAR RÉUNION ROMANIA RUSSIA RWANDA SAHARA SAINT HELENA SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS SAINT LUCIA SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON SAINT VINCENT SAMOA (Western Samoa) SAN MARINO SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SCANDINAVIA (Survey) SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOMALILAND SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH KOREA SPAIN SPANISH NORTH AFRICA SRI LANKA SUDAN SURINAME SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIA TAIWAN
TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR TOGO TOKELAU ISLANDS TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS TUVALU UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU VENEZUELA VIET NAM VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE U.S. WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS WESTERN SAMOA YEMEN YUGOSLAVIA ZAMBIA (See page 1225.) ZIMBABWE (See page 1225.) PART II Global Statistics PART III Dictionary A B C D E
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Preface The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements is intended not only to increase the self-understanding of those inside the pentecostal, charismatic, and neocharismatic movements, but also to introduce the broader religious community to the inner life and thought of a modern religious phenomenon that has had a significant impact on Christianity worldwide. The editors have sought to avoid apologetic and polemical approaches, and they have made every effort to present a balanced overview of the many perspectives that have grown out of a genuinely diverse set of traditions. Included among the contributors are classical pentecostals, charismatics representing a wide variety of denominational affiliations, neocharismatics from independent churches and groups, and others who are not participants in the renewal. Opinions expressed in this volume are intended to represent the diversity within the movements but are not necessarily those of the editors or of the publisher. This volume is divided into three sections. Part I (Global Survey) introduces the reader to the emergence and expansion of pentecostalism in specific countries and regions of the world, with demographic data for each country. The entries are arranged in alphabetical order. Due to space limitations (and in some cases lack of available information) only statistical information is provided for a number of countries. In other cases (e.g., North Africa and the Middle East), a number of countries are covered in a single survey article. The country articles do not conform to a single pattern or perspective. Rather, the articles in their variety show that the study of pentecostal, charismatic, and neocharismatic movements is a multiperspectival enterprise that must make appropriate use of the various disciplines of the social sciences. (An illustration is the entry “Jamaica,” which consists of two complementary articles.) The statistics at the end of each entry in Part I are (even as the statistics in Part II) based on the World Christian Encyclopedia (2001), ed. David B. Barrett et al. These statistics may in some cases differ from the numbers cited in the text of a country article. The introductory and methodological sections of Part II
show that statistical variations may be due to different definitions of the parameters of the groups in question. Part II (Global Statistics) details growth patterns of the three waves of pente-costal renewal. It includes data for each of the seven continents and projections for future growth. The terms pentecostal, neo-pentecostal, charismatic, and neocharismatic are lower-cased in this dictionary. The exception is Part II, where careful distinctions are made between pentecostal and Pentecostal, charismatic and Charismatic, neocharismatic and Neocharismatic. A proper understanding and interpretation of the statistical data provided in this section hinges on an understanding of these distinctions. The reader is therefore urged to read the introductory and methodological sections of Part II before moving on to the data. Part III (Dictionary) contains topical and biographical entries arranged in alphabetical order. Articles on books of the Bible, included in the original Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, have been eliminated to provide room for additional historical and descriptive entries. No Internet addresses (URLs) are provided in the dictionary, since these are subject to rapid change. Instead, the reader is referred to www.google.com for locating current web addresses. The New International Dictionary introduces readers to worldwide pentecostalism in its many forms. The vastness of these movements, however, precludes complete coverage in a single volume. Treatment is necessarily uneven because academic scholarship of classical pentecostal and charismatic movements is just now flowering, and as a rule the independent and indigenous churches and groups of the “third wave” have been examined episodically by social scientists but have not yet been studied from within. An additional difficulty is that, in many countries, classical pentecostal scholars do not even recognize the existence of other groups in the renewal. The result is that treatment is more adequate for the classical pentecostals and charismatics than for the neocharismatics, who outnumber the first two waves combined. The reader will note that the story in countries where participants in the renewal are under persecution does not include current information on centers of strength and the identity of leaders. The recounting of their spirituality and heroism is best reserved for the future when such dangers are past.
Introduction The 20th century witnessed the emergence and phenomenal growth of the pentecostal, charismatic, and neocharismatic movements. These three waves of pentecostalism, which constitute one of Christianity’s greatest renewals, have impacted every segment of the church in virtually all countries of the world with new vitality and fervor. Participants in this renewal share exuberant worship, an emphasis on subjective religious experience and spiritual gifts, claims of supernatural miracles, signs, and wonders—including a language of experiential spirituality rather than of theology—and mystical “life in the Spirit” by which they daily live out the will of God. The Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, published in 1988, was limited in its coverage, both temporally and spatially. It emphasized 20th-century developments in the U.S. and Western Europe, where white pentecostal historians have traditionally placed the origins of these movements. In reality, however, modern pentecostalism did not begin on Jan. 1, 1901, in Topeka, KS. More recent scholarship has demonstrated convincingly that pentecostal outpourings occurred in other parts of the world—notably Africa, England, Finland, Russia, India, and Latin America—well before the 20th century. Indeed, we now know that pentecostal phenomena, especially prophecy, healings, and signs and wonders, never disappeared completely from the church after the first century of the Christian era, as traditional pentecostal historians have argued (Burgess, 1989, 1997). What is new in 20th-century pentecostalism is its spectacular growth and its impact on the larger Christian world. The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements not only includes a wealth of information on pre-20th-century pentecostalism, it also places special emphasis on these movements outside the U.S. and Western Europe. Indeed...