Idea Transcript
Brain Science
Noriko Kumazawa-Manita Tsutomu Hashikawa Atsushi Iriki
The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu With MRI and Histology Digital Model with a Freely Rotatable Viewer
Brain Science Series Editors Hideyuki Okano School of Medicine Keio University Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Atsushi Iriki Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development RIKEN Brain Science Institute & RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Wako-shi, Saitama Japan
The “Brain Science Series” provides critical and comprehensive discussions of the most significant areas of neuroscience research, written by scientific leaders and authorities. Each volume in the series presents the latest and most complete information on its respective subject, making it an unrivalled reference source. To analyze brain functions that have been preserved through evolution, a reductive approach based on gene manipulation using models such as genetically modified rodents were mainly used. At the same time, to analyze high-order brain functions that are uniquely acquired only in non- human primates and humans, analyses of complex behaviors using a psychological approach were mainly adopted. The Brain Science Series focuses on clarifying the operating principles of the neural circuitry governing the human mind, as well as the accompanying molecular mechanisms. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13473
Noriko Kumazawa-Manita Tsutomu Hashikawa • Atsushi Iriki
The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu With MRI and Histology Digital Model with a Freely Rotatable Viewer
Noriko Kumazawa-Manita Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako-shi, Saitama Japan
Tsutomu Hashikawa RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako-shi, Saitama Japan
Atsushi Iriki Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development RIKEN Brain Science Institute & RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Wako‐shi, Saitama Japan
ISSN 2570-0197 ISSN 2570-0200 (electronic) Brain Science ISBN 978-4-431-56613-7 ISBN 978-4-431-56615-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946539 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Japan KK part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Shiroyama Trust Tower, 4-3-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6005, Japan
Preface
In these decades, the availability of rodent degu, Octodon degus, has increased in experimental medicine, representatively in the field of diabetes research. In addition, recently much attention has been made in the fields of neuroscience as well. Since they have characteristic social activities and behavior, they can be one of the favorable animal models in the field of research of cognitive brain functions. Aging-related brain dysfunction in humans, e.g., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, also needs intensive studies in animal models. Degu has been known certainly to be such a model. Under these circumstances and in order to facilitate researches in the field of neurosciences, it seems necessary to provide a brain atlas specialized to this animal species. Expanding an appreciation for a previous pioneer atlas by Wright and Kern (1992), several useful functions are given in the present web-accessible atlas, based on the powerful features of the three-dimensional and volume-rendering reconstructions. Taking into consideration of a modern examination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies, the present model is constructed by combining the architectonic information of Nissl sections with that of MRI planes at corresponding levels. Wako-shi, Japan Wako-shi, Japan Wako-shi, Japan
Noriko Kumazawa-Manita Tsutomu Hashikawa Atsushi Iriki
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Acknowledgments
We thank M. Katayama, R. Nakatomi, E. Kariya, R. Yanari, and Y. Sato (BSI) for their excellent technical support. We thank Neuroinformatics Japan Center for constructing this database with the Neuroinformatics Base Platform System "XooNIps.” This database is supported by BSI-NI (BSI Neuroinformatics) project. Supported by grants KAKENHI 18020035
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Contents
1 Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References���������������� 1 2 Structure Lists���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates������������������������ 21 4 Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain���������������������������������������������������������������� 109 Index of Structures�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 129 Index of Abbreviations�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 137
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1
Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References
Introduction Background Degu (Octodon degus), a rodent native to the Andes Mountains in South America, is commonly known as the trumpet-tailed rat and belongs to the parvorder Caviomorpha along with the chinchilla and guinea pig. As experimental animal models, degus contribute to a variety of medical research fields, for example, those pertaining to diabetes, hyperglycemia, pancreatic function, and adaptation to high altitude (Bock et al. 2012; Braun et al. 1997; Colonnello et al. 2011; Ebensperger et al. 2011; Spear et al. 1984; Vosko et al. 2009). The degu recently gained increasing importance in the field of neuroscience, particularly in studies evaluating the relationship between sociality and cognitive brain functions (Fuchs et al. 2010; Helmeke
et al. 2009) and studies pertaining to the evolutional aspects of the acquisition of tool-use abilities (Braun et al. 2012; Braidy et al. 2012; Kumazawa-Manita et al. 2013a; Lee et al. 2004; Okanoya et al. 2008; Purger et al. 2009; Quirici et al. 2008; Uekita and Okanoya 2011). Furthermore, aging-related brain dysfunction in humans can be studied using this animal model, in addition to some mammals with much longer life spans than the degu (Inestrosa et al. 2005; van Groen et al. 2011). The present degu brain atlas was constructed to provide histological and volume-rendered information simultaneously, fitting with any spatial coordination in brain positioning. It can be a useful guide in degus as well as other rodents for studies of brain structures conducted using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or other contemporary examination methods with volume-rendering functions.
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1_1
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Advantages of the Present Atlas
1 Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References
the corresponding MR images. As a result, the Nissl-stained images could be merged onto MR Although all rodent brain atlases published so far images, and a three-dimensional (3D) brain atlas (Aggarwal et al. 2011; Franklin and Paxinos could be constructed using both information 2008; Hjornevik et al. 2007; Toga et al. 1995, types simultaneously. The previously developed 1989; Purger et al. 2009), including one concern- stereotaxic brain atlas of the degu included only ing degus (Schwarz et al. 2006; Wright and Kern line drawings without histology (Wright and 1992), can be used as references, this atlas has Kern 1992). In contrast, the present atlas includes several advantages because it is a digital volume- a lot of information that facilitates the histologirendered atlas that is web-accessible, and can be cal assessment of in vivo MRI data. 3D reconfreely rotated, permitting arbitrary sectioning and struction of serial Nissl-stained and digital MR axis readjustment. In the present atlas, the origi- images of the degu brain is found at http://brainnal plane of histological sections for image atlas.brain.riken.jp/degu/modules/xoonips/listacquisition was coronal and perpendicular to the item.php?index_id=24 (Fig. 1.2). longitudinal axis of the brain, which is common in rodent brains, and its horizontal zero axis (a) Surface view The entire brain surface can be viewed from passed through the external acoustic meatus and any direction in this model (Fig. 1.2a). One maxillary incisor. In Chap. 3 (Figs. 3.1–3.84), can rotate the surface images freely on the MR images, practical Nissl coronal images, and display. This function may be convenient as line drawings, which are depicted with annotait enables a simple and rough localization of tions observable typical structures, are shown the brain areas in question. with classical stereotaxic coordinates (Fig. 1.1 ( b) Arbitrary sectioning left). In this model, coronal, horizontal, sagittal, It is possible to reconstruct conventional steand any other planes of sectional images of reotaxic coordinates from this volume-rendered brain structures can be cut arbitrarily. model. As shown in Chap. 3 (Figs. 3.85–3.86), Because the main structures are annotated in the horizontal zero axis is inclined anteriorly the volume-rendered model, the composition upward 40°, so that it is adjusted to the AC–PC of brain regions cut at any level and direction line (Wright and Kern 1992). Under this condican be specified in such planes (Fig. 1.2b). tion, conventional coronal sections were obtained This function is also favorable for a 3D with stereotaxic coordinates and annotations in reconstruction of individual structures to the structures (Fig. 1.1 right). understand their form and location in space Because MR images of the brain fixed within in the brain. the skull were acquired, we assume that the brain structures would be in their correct positions. In (c) Adjustment to the stereotaxic coordinates Expanding an arbitrary sectioning function, contrast, much finer information of the brain the horizontal zero axis is adjusted to the structures in the same animal can be obtained AC–PC line to construct an atlas with stereofrom Nissl-stained images because the original taxic coordinates, namely, zero levels of the resolution of Nissl-stained images (5214 × 5673, external acoustic foramen and the midline of 72 pixels/inch) is higher than that of MR images the hemisphere for coronal and sagittal (512 × 512, 72 pixels/inch). The present volume- planes. In Chap. 3 (Figs. 3.85–3.86), the rendered model was constructed from histologiadjusted stereotaxic histological planes are cal images obtained from 50-μm-thick shown with the corresponding MR images Nissl-stained sections with 100-μm intervals. (Kumazawa-Manita, et al. 2013b). These histological images were aligned within
Introduction
3 Y PC Y
Y Z AC Z
Z
X
40°
Fig. 1.1 Drawings showing the difference between “practical” (left) and “conventional” (right) coordination in brain positioning. Forty-degree clockwise rotation
a
Fig. 1.2 Surface view of whole brain or individual internal structures can be reconstructed from the present 3D model. 3D expansion of the cerebral cortex (yellow green), olfactory bulb (yellow), and hippocampus (green/blue) is
around the interaural line of the “practical” brain position results in its “conventional” position with the axis of the AC–PC line as a horizontal zero (center)
b
exemplified here. (a) Lateral view (rostral on the left). (b) Arbitrary cut plane passing through the middle portion of the hippocampus (blue)
1 Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References
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Materials and Methods Subjects The present brain atlas is based on an analysis of the brains of six degus weighing 218.0–258.1 g (mean ± SE, 235.9 ± 6.8) that were obtained from colonies maintained in the Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, BSI, RIKEN. Each animal was housed in a steel cage with its family (width × length × height, 90 × 45 × 45 cm) under environment-rich conditions. Each cage contained running wheels, a wood house, and a wood tunnel. The animals were exposed daily to a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle at ambient temperatures close to 20°C. They had ad libitum access to food and fresh water. Because degus cannot generate certain vitamins by themselves, the drinking water contained vitamins. The representative images presented in Mini Atlas-a were obtained from a 22-month-old male degu (body weight, 245 g).
Surgery On the stereotaxic apparatus, on which horizontal or coronal zero axes were adjusted to the line through the maxillary incisor and external acoustic meatus or the interaural line, respectively, the a
Fig. 1.3 Surface anatomy of the degu’s fixed brain: (a) View from the top, (b) View from the side. The first reference shaft was placed along the vertical plane 2.0 mm lateral to the ear bar zero in the right hemisphere (a, right white arrowhead). The second shaft was placed 50 mm
distance between coronal zero and the suture bregma was calculated on their skull as an index of brain size variation, ranging from 5.9 mm to 7.2 mm (6.8 ± 0.2 SE). All experimental protocols were approved by the RIKEN Animal Experiment Committee and performed in accordance with the US National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Each animal was deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (200 mg/kg intraperitoneally), which was perfused through the left ventricle with 20 ml 0.8% sodium chloride followed by 200 ml 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and placed on a stereotaxic apparatus for small animals (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The incisor bar was elevated 4.0 mm above the horizontal plane of the ear bars, so that the horizontal zero plane passed through the AC–PC line (Wright and Kern 1992). Two reference tracts with carbon shafts (diameter = 0.2 mm) were made perpendicular to the horizontal plane through the surface of the cerebral cortex: The first shaft was placed along the vertical plane 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline in the right hemisphere and the second one was placed 5.0 mm anteriorly to the first. An additional reference was placed horizontally through the cerebellum: 1.5 mm lateral to the midline and 0.7 mm above the horizontal zero (Fig. 1.3). b
anterior to the first shaft (a, left white arrowhead). The third shaft is placed perpendicular to the coronal plane made from the posterior of the brain at 0.7 mm above the horizontal zero and 1.5 mm lateral to the midline (a and b, white arrow)
Materials and Methods
Histology The animal’s head was then separated from the body and stored for approximately 2 days in 4% PFA at 4 °C. After the lower jaw and soft tissues around the skull were removed, the skull with the brain was transferred onto an MRI holder (see below). Following the acquisition of MRI data, the brain was removed from the skull and prepared for histological examination as follows. The brain was immersed in 30% sucrose until it sunk, followed by immersion in 10% gelatin at 60 °C for 1 h. Then, it was embedded in 10% gelatin in the refrigerator. The gelatin-embedded brain was immersed in 4% PFA for a few days followed by immersion in 30% sucrose until it sunk again. Serial subcoronal sections with 50-μm thickness were cut on a freezing microtome. Nissl sections were stained with thionin. Of note, in the present histological examination, the subcoronal plane inclined the stereotaxic plane anteriorly at a 40-degree angle. In this situation, the longitudinal line of the brain was mostly parallel to the interaural line through the maxillary incisor lines of the skull, a line that corresponds to a horizontal zero axis applied classically in rodent atlases. The present coronal plane is more practical than that of their stereotaxic coordinates because, in contrast to cutting sections adjusted to their stereotaxic coordinates, coronal sections can easily be obtained, particularly after removing the brain from the skull. In the present materials, no prominent shrinkage was observed based on the calculation of positional changes of markers, probably due to proper holding of the brain under gentle fixation in the skull. If some partial shrinkage or wrinkles were observed in sections, then Nissl-stained images from such sections were replaced by a neighboring image to avoid errors in image rendering.
MRI An MRI holder carrying the degu brain that was simultaneously used in histological analysis was transferred to an MRI machine. MRI scans were
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performed using a 9.4-T Advance 400WB NMR spectrometer (Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany) with a standard Micro 2.5 microimaging system. The inner diameter of the integrated transmitting and receiving coil was 25 mm. Each scan took approximately 1.5 h. A 3D model of MR images was constructed using “SG-eye” software, which was codeveloped by Fiatlux (Tokyo, Japan).
Photography and Drawings Photomicrographs were obtained as tif files from the Nissl-stained sections using a virtual slide scanner, the NanoZoomer 2.0-HT digital slide (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan). The resolution of the original tif images was lowered to 70% to ensure a maximum file size of 2 GB. Mask images for each brain region were prepared through Nissl-stained images using a path function in Photoshop (Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA), following which they were converted using SG-eye (Fiatlux) to construct a 3D digital volume-rendered brain model. In the drawings, fiber tracts are outlined by solid gray lines, and nuclei and cell groups are outlined by solid lines with ID colors assigned to each structure, as listed in Chap. 3. In general, each abbreviation is placed in the center of the structure to which it relates; where this is not possible, the abbreviation is placed alongside the structure, and a leader line is used. (The abbreviations for fiber tracts and fissures are positioned on the left side of the figure, and abbreviations for nuclei and other cell groups are positioned on the right side. The outlines of the ventricles and aqueduct are filled in with solid color).
Nomenclature Previously described brain atlases of the degu were stereotaxic two-dimensional line-drawing atlases using Latin anatomical terms (Wright and Kern 1992). However, in the present atlas, we followed the English anatomical terms adopted in “The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinate”
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(Paxinos and Watson 2009), which are currently becoming popular terminology for rodent brain structures. As control functional areas have not been confirmed in this species, such areas are identified tentatively by their cytoarchitectonic features, following the control delineation in the rat, and given in parentheses.
References Aggarwal M, Zhang J, Mori S (2011) Magnetic resonance imaging-based mouse brain atlas and its applications. Methods Mol Biol 711:251–270 Bock J, Riedel A, Braun K (2012) Differential changes of metabolic brain activity and interregional functional coupling in prefronto-limbic pathways during different stress conditions: functional imaging in freely behaving rodent pups. Front Cell Neurosci 6:19 Braidy N, Muñoz P, Palacios AG, Castellano-Gonzalez G, Inestrosa NC, Chung RS, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ (2012) Recent rodent models for Alzheimer’s disease: clinical implications and basic research. J Neural Transm 119:173–195 Braun K, Seidel K, Holetschka R, Groeger N, Poeggel G (2012) Paternal deprivation alters the development of catecholaminergic innervation in the prefrontal cortex and related limbic brain regions. Brain Struct Funct 218(4):859–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00429-012-0434-1 Braun S, Scheich H (1997) Influence of experience on the representation of the “mothering call” in frontoparietal and auditory cortex of pups of the rodent Octodon Degus: FDG mapping. J Comp Physiol A 181:697–709 Colonnello V, Iacobucci P, Fuchs T, Newberry RC, Panksepp J (2011) Octodon Degus. A useful animal model for social-affective neuroscience research: basic description of separation distress, social attachments and play. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:1854–1863 Ebensperger LA, Ramírez-Estrada J, León C, Castro RA, Tolhuysen LO, Sobrero R, Quirici V, Burger JR, Soto-Gamboa M, Hayes LD (2011) Sociality, glucocorticoids and direct fitness in the communally rearing rodent, Octodon Degus. Horm Behav 60:346–352 Fuchs T, Iacobucci P, MacKinnon KM, Panksepp J (2010) Infant-mother recognition in a social rodent (Octodon degus). J Comp Psychol. 124:166–175 Franklin KBJ, Paxinos G (2008) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates compact third edition. Elsevier, London Helmeke C, Seidel K, Poeggel G, Bredy TW, Abraham A, Braun K (2009) Paternal deprivation during infancy results in dendrite- and time-specific changes
1 Introduction, Materials and Methods, and References of dendritic development and spine formation in the orbitofrontal cortex of the biparental rodent Octodon Degus. Neuroscience 163:790–798 Hjornevik T, Leergaard TB, Darine D, Moldestad O, Dale AM, Willoch F, Bjaalie JG (2007) Three-dimensional atlas system for mouse and rat brain imaging data. Front Neuroinform 1:4 Inestrosa NC, Reyes AE, Chacón MA, Cerpa W, Villalón A, Montiel J, Merabachvili G, Aldunate R, Bozinovic F, Aboitiz F (2005) Human-like rodent amyloid-beta-peptide determines Alzheimer pathology in aged wild- type Octodon degu. Neurobiol Aging 26:1023–1028 Kumazawa-Manita N, Hama H, Miyawaki A, Iriki A (2013a) Tool use specific adult neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in rodent (Octodon Degus) hippocampus. PLoS One 8(3):e58649 Kumazawa-Manita N, Katayama M, Hashikawa T, Iriki A (2013b) Three-dimensional reconstruction of brain structures of the rodent Octodon Degus: a brain atlas constructed by combining histological and magnetic resonance images. Exp Brain Res 231(1):65–74 Lee TM (2004) Octodon Degus: a diurnal, social, and long-lived rodent. ILAR J 45:14–24 Okanoya K, Tokimoto N, Kumazawa N, Hihara S, Iriki A (2008) Tool-use training in a species of rodent: the emergence of an optimal motor strategy and functional understanding. PLoS One 3:e1860. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001860 Paxinos G, Watson C (2009) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinate. Academic Press, Cambridge Poeggel G, Braun K (1996) Early auditory filial learning in degus (Octodon Degus): behavioral and autoradiographic studies. Brain Res 743:162–170 Purger D, McNutt T, Achanta P, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Wong J, Ford E (2009) A histology-based atlas of the C57BL/6J mouse brain deformably registered to in vivo MRI for localized radiation and surgical targeting. Phys Med Biol 54:7315–7327 Quirici V, Castro RA, Oyarzún J, Ebensperger LA (2008) Female degus (Octodon Degus) monitor their environment while foraging socially. Anim Cogn 11:441–448 Schwarz AJ, Danckaert A, Reese T, Gozzi A, Paxinos G, Watson C, Merlo-Pich EV, Bifone A (2006) A stereotaxic MRI template set for the rat brain with tissue class distribution maps and co-registered anatomical atlas: application to pharmacological MRI. NeuroImage 32:538–550 Spear GS, Caple MV, Sutherland LR (1984) The pancreas in the degu. Exp Mol Pathol 40:295–310 Toga AW, Santori EM, Hazani R, Ambach K (1995) A 3D digital map of rat brain. Brain Res Bull 38:77–85 Toga AW, Samaie M, Payne BA (1989) Digital rat brain: a computerized atlas. Brain Res Bull 22:323–333 Uekita T, Okanoya K (2011) Hippocampus lesions induced deficits in social and spatial recognition in Octodon Degus. Behav Brain Res 219:302–309
References van Groen T, Kadish I, Popović N, Popović M, Caballero- Bleda M, Baño-Otálora B, Vivanco P, Rol MÁ, Madrid JA (2011) Age-related brain pathology in Octodon degu: blood vessel, white matter and Alzheimer-like pathology. Neurobiol Aging 32:1651–1661 Vosko AM, Hagenauer MH, Hummer DL, Lee TM (2009) Period gene expression in the diurnal degu (Octodon
7 Degus) differs from the nocturnal laboratory rat (Rattus Norvegicus). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296:R353–R361 Wright JW, Kern MD (1992) Stereotaxic atlas of the brain of Octodon Degus. J Morphol 214:299–320
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Structure Lists
This annotated brain structure list, is a tool for using the web-accessible brain atlas, as well as for the Chapter 3 of this book. Structures are arranged in a hierarchical organization, depicted together with their abbreviations. Assigned unique color for each brain region corresponds to
the illustration in web-accessible brain atlas, which has a function searching for structures by the abbreviations. Further details can be referred to “Operation manual of web-accessible volumerendering model of the Degu Brain” in the Chapter 4 of this book.
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1_2
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2 Structure Lists
10 WHOLE BRAIN 1. FOREBRAIN (TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON) TELENCEPHALON OLFACTORY BULB Olfactory bulb Accessory olfactory bulb Anterior olfactory nucleus Ependyma & subependymal layer External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb Glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb Glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb Olfactory nerve layer CEREBRUM/CEREBRAL CORTEX Olfactory cortex Tenia tecta Olfactry tubercle Islands of Calleja Islands of Calleja/major island Cortical areas Agranular insular cortex Auditory cortex/primary area Cingulate cortex Dysgranular insular cortex Entorhinal cortex Faciola cinereum Granular insular cortex Indusium griseum Motor cortex/primary area Navicular nucleus of the basal forebrain Orbital cortex Parasubiculum Piriform cortex Piriform cortex/layer 1 Piriform cortex/layer 2 Piriform cortex/layer 3 Postsubiculum Presubiculum Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex Retrosplenial granular cortex Somatosensory cortex/primary area Visual cortex/ primary area Hippocampal formation Dentate gyrus Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus Hippocampus Field CA1 of the hippocampus Field CA2 of the hippocampus Field CA3 of the hippocampus Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus Oriens layer of the hippocampus Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus Radiatum layer of the hippocampus Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus Subiculum Dorsal subiculum Ventral subiculum
WHOLE FORE TEL OLB OB AOB AON E EPlA EPl GlA Gl GrA GrO IPl MiA Mi ON CER OlfC TT Tu ICj ICjM CorA AI Au1 Cg DI Ent FC GI IG M1 Nv Orb PaS Pir Pir 1 Pir 2 Pir 3 Post PrS RSD RSG S1 V1 HipF DG GrDG MoDG PoDG Hip CA1 CA2 CA3 LMol Or Py Rad SLu S DS VS
2 Structure Lists
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WHOLE BRAIN (cont’d)
WHOLE
1. FOREBRAIN (TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON) (cont’d) 䚷䕻TELENCEPHALON (cont’d) 䚷䚷䖂 BASAL GANGLIA Amygdala Amygdalohippocampal area Cortical amygdaloid group (corticomedial group) Central amygdaloid nucleus Central amygdaloid nucleus/capular part Central amygdaloid nucleus/lateral part Central amygdaloid nucleus/medial part Cortical amygdaloid nucleus
FORE TEL BG AMG AHi CoAG Ce CeC CeL CeM Co AA
Anterior amygdaloid area Antrior cortical amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus of the lateral olfactry tract Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus Medial amygdaloid nucleus Extended amygdala Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/lateral division Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure Sublenticular extended amygdala Latero-basal nuclear complex (basolateral group) Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventral part Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventrolateral part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part Basal nucleus (Meynert) Claustrum Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Globus pallidus External globus pallidus (globus pallidus) Internal globus pallidus (ento-/or intrapeduncular nucleus) Substantia innominata Substantia innominata/basal part Substantia innominata/dorsal part Susbtantia innominata/ventral part Substantia nigra Substantia nigra/compact part Substantia nigra/lateral part Substantia nigra/reticular part Striatum Accumbens nucleus Accumbens nucleus/core Accumbens nucleus/shell Caudate putamen (striatum) Subthalamic nucleus Ventral endopiriform nucleus Ventral pallidum 䚷䚷䖂SEPTUM Lateral septal nucleus Lateral septal nucleus/dorsal part Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part Medial septal nucleus Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band Nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band Septofimbrial nucleus Septohippocampal nucleus Triangular septal nucleus
Aco LOT PLCo PMCo Me EXA ST STL STM I IPAC EA Lbn BL BLA BLP BLV BM BMA BMP La LaDL LaVL LaVM B Cl DEn GP EGP IGP SI SIB SID SIV SN SNC SNL SNR St Acb AcbC AcbSh Cpu STh VEn VP SEP LS LSD LSI LSV MS HDB VDB SFi SHi TS
2 Structure Lists
12 WHOLE BRAIN (cont'd) 1. FOREBRAIN (TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON) (cont'd) DIENCEPHALON THALAMUS Association nuclei Anterior nuclei Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus Anteromedial thalamic nucleus Anteroventral thalamic nucleus Lateral nuclei Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus Laterodorsal (or lateral dorsal) thalamic nucleus Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part Paratenial thalamic nucleus Auditory thalamus Medial geniculate nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part Medial geniculate nucleus/medial part Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part Midline and intralaminar nuclei Angular thalamic nucleus Central medial thalamic nucleus Centrolateral thalamic nucleus Interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus Interanteromedial thalamic nucleus Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus Oval paracentral thalamic nucleus Paracentral thalamic nucleus Parafascicular thalamic nucleus Retroreuniens area Reuniens thalamic nucleus Rhomboid thalamic nucleus Xiphoid thalamic nucleus Motor thalamus Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus Ventromedial thalamic nucleus Somatosensory thalamus Posterior thalamic nuclear group Suprageniculate thalamic nucleus Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus Ventral thalamus Parasubthalamic nucleus Reticular thalamic nucleus Subparafiscicular thalamic nucleus Zona incerta Zona incerta/caudal part Zona incerta/dorsal part Zona incerta/rostral part Zona incerta/ventral part Visual thalamus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus EPITHALAMUS Habenular nucleus Lateral habenular nucleus Medial habenular nucleus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/anterior part Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/posterior part
WHOLE FORE DIEN THAL ASN ANN AD AM AV LTN LP LD MD MDL MDM PT AuT MG MGD MGM MGV MIN Ang CM CL IAD IAM IMD OPC PC PaF RRe Re Rh Xi MTT VA VL VM SST Po SG VPL VPM VNT PSTh Rt SPF ZI ZIC ZID ZIR ZIV VST DLG VG EPI Hb LHb MHb PV PVA PVP
2 Structure Lists WHOLE BRAIN (cont'd) 1. FOREBRAIN (TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON) (cont'd) 䚷䚷䚷㻌䖂DIENCEPHALON (cont'd) HYPOTHALAMUS Anterior hypothalamic area Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/compact part Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/dorsal part Lamina terminalis Lateral hypothalamic area Lateral mammillary nucleus Mamillary body Medial mamillary nucleus/lateral part Medial mamillary nucleus/medial part Medial mamillary nucleus/median part Medial preoptic nucleus Medial tuberal nucleus Nucleus of the stria medullaris Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus Posterior hypothalamic area Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Premamillary nucleus Preoptic area Lateral preoptic area Medial preoptic area Medial preoptic nucleus Median preoptic nucleus Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus Ventromedial preoptic nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus/ventromedial part Suprachiasmatic nucleus/dorsolateral part Supraoptic nucleus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Ventral tuberomamillary nucleus Terete hypothalamic nucleus 䚷䚷䚷㻌䖂PRETECTUM Anterior pretectal nucleus Magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure Medial pretectal nucleus Olivary pretectal nucleus Nucleus of the optic tract Posterior pretectal nucleus
13 WHOLE FORE DIEN HYPO AH Arc DM DMC DMD Lter LH LM MB ML MM MnM MPO MTu SM Pa Pe PHA PH PrM PO LPO MPA MPO MnPO VLPO VMPO SCh SChVM SChDL SO VMH VTM Te Pt APT MCPC MPT OPT OT PPT
2 Structure Lists
14 WHOLE BRAIN (cont’d) 2䠊BRAIN STEM (MIDBRAIN+PONS+MEDULLA OBLONGATA) 䕻MIDBRAIN (MESENCEPHALON) Commissural nucleus of the inferior colliculus Edinger-Westphal nucleus Inferior colliculus Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus External cortex of the inferior colliculus Interpeduncular nucleus Interpeduncular nucleus/caudal subnucleus Interpeduncular nucleus/intermediate subnucleus Interpeduncular nucleus/lateral subnucleus Interpeduncular nucleus/rostrall subnucleus Interstitial nucleus of Cajal Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Nucleus of Darkschewitsch Nuclus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus Nucleus of the posterior commissure Oculomotor nucleus Oculomotor nucleus/parvicellular part Periaqueductal gray Supraoculomotor cap Supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray Raphe nuclei Dorsal raphe nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus/caudal part Dorsal raphe nucleus/dorsal part Dorsal raphe nucleus/lateral part Dorsal raphe nucleus/ventral part Rostral linear nucleusof the raphe Red nucleus Red nucleus/magnocellular part Red nucleus/parvocellular part Reticular formation Cuneinform nucleus Mesencephalic reticular formation Substantia nigra Superior colliculus Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus Deep white layer of the superior colliculus Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculcus Zonal layer ofthe superior colliculus Trochlear nucleus Ventral tegmental area 䚷䚷䚷 䖂 PONS (METENCEPHALON) Abducens nucleus Central gray Cochlear nuclei Dorsal cochlear nucleus Dorsal cochlear nucleus/deep core Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer Granule cell layer of the cochlear nuclei Ventral cochlear nucleus Ventral cochlear nucleus/anterior part Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus Dorsal tegmental nucleus Facial nucleus Intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus Lateral parabrachial nucleus Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Locus coeruleus Medial parabrachial nucleus Motor trigeminal nucleus Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract Nucleus of the trapezoid body Parabigeminal nucleus Pontine nuclei Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
WHOLE STEM MID Com EW IC CIC DCIC ECIC IP IPC IPI IPL IPR InC Me5 Dk BIC PCom 3N 3PC PAG Su3C Su3 RaMID DR DRC DRD DRL DRV RLi R RMC RPC RtMID CnF MeRt SNMID SC DpG DpWh InG InWh Op SuG Zo 4N VTA PONS 6N CG C DC DCDp DCFu DCMo GrC VC VCA VCP DLL DTgp 7N ILL LPB LDTg LC MPB 5N Sp5PONS Tz PBG Pn Pr5
2 Structure Lists
15
WHOLE BRAIN (cont’d) 2䠊BRAIN STEM (MIDBRAIN+PONS+MEDULLA OBLONGATA) (cont’d) MIDBRAIN (MESENCEPHALON) (cont’d) PONS (METENCEPHALON) (cont’d) Raphe nuclei Caudal linear nucleus of the raphe Dorsal raphe nucleus/caudal part Median raphe nucleus Paramedian raphe nucleus Raphe interpositus nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus Rhabdoid nucleus Reticular formation Pontine reticular nucleus/caudal part Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part Pontine reticular nucleus/ventral part Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons/lateral part Retroisthmic nucleus Retrolemniscal nucleus Sagulum nucleus Subcoeruleus nucleus Subcoeruleus nucleus/alpha part Subcoeruleus nucleus/dorsal part Subcoeruleus nucleus/ventral part Subpeduncular tegmental nucleus Superior olive Dorsal periolivary region Lateral superior olive Lateroventral periolivary nucleus Medial superior olive Medioventral periolivary nucleus Superior paraolivary nucleus Supratrigeminal nucleus Triangular nucleus of the lateral lemniscus Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus Ventral tegmental nucleus Vestibular nuclei 3䠊MEDULLA OBLONGATA (MYELENCEPHALON) A1 noradrenaline cells A2 noradrenaline cells A5 noradrenaline cells Accessory nerve nucleus Ambiguus nucleus Ambiguus nucleus/compact part Ambiguus nucleus/loose part C1 adrenaline cells C2 adrenaline cells C3 adrenaline cells Central cervical nucleus Conterminal nucleus Cuneate nucleus Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Dorsal tegmental nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus/central part Dorsal tegmental nucleus/pericentral part Dorsomedial tegmental area Epifacicular nucleus External cuneate nucleus Gracile nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus Intercalated nucleus of the medulla Interstitial nucleus of the vestibular part of the 8th nerve Inferior olive
WHOLE STEM MID PONS RaPONS CLi DRC MnR PMnR RIP RMg Rbd RtPONS PnC PnO PnV RtTg RtTgL RIs RL Sag SubC SubCA SubCD SubCV SPTg SOl DPO LSO LVPO MSO MVPO SPO Su5 Tr VLL VTg VePONS MED A1 A2 A5 11N Amb AmbC AmbL C1 C2 C3 CeCv Ct Cu 10N DTgm DTgC DTgP DMTg EF ECu Gr 12N In I8 IO
2 Structure Lists
16 WHOLE BRAIN (cont’d)
WHOLE
3䠊MEDULLA OBLONGATA (MYELENCEPHALON) (cont’d)
MED IOBe IOK
Inferior olive/beta subnucleus of the medial nucleus Inferior olive/cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus Inferior olive/dorsomedial cell group
IOD IODM
Inferior olive/medial nucleus
IOM
Inferior olive/principal nucleus
IOPr
Inferior olive/subnucleus A of medial nucleus
IOA
Inferior olive/subnucleus B of medial nucleus
IOB IOC
Inferior olive/subnucleus C of medial nucleus Inferior olive/ventrolateral prorusion Inferior salivatory nucleus Kolliker-Fuse nucleus Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract Linear nucleus of the medulla Matrix region of the medulla Median accessory nucleus of the medulla Nucleus of Roller Nucleus of the solitary tract Nucleus of the solitary tract/central part
IOVL
Nucleus of the solitary tract/commissural part
SolC
Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsolateral part Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsomedial part
SolDL SolDM
Nucleus of the solitary tract/gelatinous part
SolG
Nucleus of the solitary tract/interstitial part Nucleus of the solitary tract/intermediate part
SolI SolIM
Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part
SolL
Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part
SolM
Nucleus of the solitary tract/rostrolateral part
SolRL
Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part
SolV SolVL
Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventrolateral part Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part Spinal trigeminal nucleus/oral part Nucleus X Parasolitary nucleus Prepositus nucleus Raphe nuclei Raphe obscurus nucleus Raphe pallidus nucleus Reticular formation
IS KF LT Li Mx MnA Ro Sol SolCe
Sp5MED Sp5C Sp5I Sp5O X PSol Pr RaMED ROb RPa
Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Intermediate reticular nucleus
RtMED Gi IRt
Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus
LPGi
Lateral reticular nucleus Lateral reticular nucleus/parvicellular part
LRt LRtPC MRt PMn PCRt RAmb SubP SuS VeMED LVe MVe MVeMC MVePC SpVe SuVe
Medullary reticular nucleus Paramedian reticular nucleus Parvicellular reticular nucleus Retroambiguus nucleus Subpostrema area Superior salivatory nucleus Vestibular nuclei Lateral vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus/magnocellular part Medial vestibular nucleus/parvicellular part Spinal vestibular nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus
2 Structure Lists
17
WHOLE BRAIN (cont’d)
WHOLE
4䠊CEREBELLUM (METENCEPHALON) 䚷䕻 Cerebellar cortex
Cb
Copula of the pyramis Crus1 of the ansiform lobule Crus2 of the ansiform lobule
CB Cop Crus1 Crus2
Flocculus Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula) Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis
Fl
Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis
3Cb
Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis
4Cb
Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis
5Cb
Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis
6Cb
Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis
7Cb
1Cb 2Cb
Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis
8Cb
Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula)
9Cb
Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule)
10Cb
Paraflocculus
PFl
Paramedian lobule
PM
Simple lobule
Sim
Deep cerebellar nuclei
Dc
Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus
IntA
Nucleus Y of the vestibular complex
Y
Lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus
Lat
Medial (fastigal) cerebellar nucleus
Med
Posterior interposed cerebellar nucleus
IntP
Vestibulocerebellar nucleus
VeCb
Superior medullary velum
SMV
2 Structure Lists
18 䕔 FIBER BUNDLE Anterior commissure Anterior commissure/anterior part Anterior commissure/intrabulbar part Anterior commissure/posterior limb Alveus of the hippocampus Ascending fibers of the facial nerve Brachium of the inferior colliculus Brachium of the superior colliculus Cerebral peduncle Cingulum Commissure of the inferior colliculus Commissure of the superior colliculus Corpus callosum Cuneate fasciculus Decussation of the medial lemniscus Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle Dosal acoustic atria Dorsal corticospinal tract Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Dorsal tegmental decussation External capsule External medullary lamina Fasciculus retroflexus Fimbria of the hippocampus Forceps major of the corpus callosum Forceps minor of the corpus callosum Fornix Genu of the corpus callosum Genu of the facial nerve Gracile fasciculus Habenular commissure Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) Internal capsule Internal medullary lamina Lateral lemniscus Lateral olfactory tract Longitudinal fasciculus of the pons Mamillary peduncle Mamillothalamic tract Mamillotegmental tract Medial lemniscus Medial longitudinal faciculcus Mesencephalic trigeminal tract Middle cerebellar peduncle Motor root of the trigeminal nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract Posterior commissure Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal tract Rostrum of the corpus callosum Rubrospinal tract Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve Solitary tract Spinal trigeminal tract Splenium of the corpus callosum Stria medullaris of the thalamus Stria terminalis Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) Tectospinal tract Transverse fibers of the pons Trapezoid body Uncinate fasciculus of the cerebellum Ventral hippocampal commissure Ventral spinocerebellar tract Ventral tegmental decussation
FB ac aca aci acp alv asc7 bic bsc cp cg cic csc cc cu mlx scpx das dcs dsc dtgx ec eml fr fi fmj fmi f gcc g7 gr hbc icp ic iml ll lo lfp mp mt mtg ml mlf me5 mcp m5 och opt pc pyx py rcc rs s5 sol sp5 scc sm st scp ts tfp tz un vhc vsc vtgx
2 Structure Lists CRANIAL NERVE Abducens nerve Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve Facial nerve Hypoglossal nerve Occulomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Trigeminal nerve Vagus nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve CIRCUMVENTRICULAR ORGAN Area postrema Median eminence Pineal gland Subcommissural organ Subfornical organ Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis VENTRICLE Aqueduct Central canal Fourth ventricle Interventricular foramen Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle Lateral ventricle Mamillary recess of the 3rd ventricle Olfactory ventricle (olfactory part of lateral ventricle) Third ventricle SULCUS Ansoparamedian fissure Hippocampal fissure Intercrural fissure Parafloccular sulcus Posterior superior fissure Posterolateral fissure Preculminate fissure Prepyramidal fissure Primary fissure Simplex fissure Rhinal fissure
19 CN 6n 8cn 7n 12n 3n 4n 5n 10n 8n 8vn CvO AP ME Pi SCO SFO VOLT V Aq CC 4V IVF LR4V LV MRe OV 3V SUL ampf hif icf pfs psf plf pcuf ppf prf simf rf
3
The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Fig. 3.1 through Fig. 3.84 Representative coronal Nissl sections and MRI profiles. “Practical” plane with an interaural-incisor line as a horizontal zero axis. Left pages (odd numbered pages) – Nissl images. Right pages (even numbered pages) – Line drawings overlaid on pale Nissl images, together with corresponding MR images at top left corner. Levels of sections (common with left pages) are indicated by red line on the surface rendered brain model on the left bottom corner.
Fig. 3.85, Fig. 3.86 Reconstructed coronal, horizontal and parasagittal Nissl and MRI profiles. “Conventional” plane with an AC-PC line as a horizontal zero axis. Fig. 3.85 –Reconstructed coronal images. Fig. 3.86 –Reconstructed horizontal (a) and para sagittal (b) images.
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1_3
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I: 16.18
Fig. 3.1
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GrO Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, IPl Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, Mi Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, olf Olfactory nerve
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Fig. 3.3
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Fig. 3.4 Images for I:15.52. aci Anterior commissure/ intrabulbar part, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle, EPl External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, GI Granular insular cortex, GrA
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Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, GrO Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, IPl Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, Mi Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, olf Olfactory nerve
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I: 14.86
Fig. 3.5
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Fig. 3.6 Images for I: 14.86. aci Anterior commissure/ intrabulbar part, AO Anterior olfactory nucleus, dlo Dorsal olfactory tract, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle, EPl External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, EPlA External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, FrA Frontal associational cortex, GI Granular insular cortex, GlA Glomerular layer
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of the accessory olfactory bulb, GrA Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, GrO Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, IPl Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, lo Lateral olfactory tract, Mi Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, MiA Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, rf rhinal fissure, ri rhinal incisures
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I: 14.20
Fig. 3.7
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Fig. 3.8 Images for I: 14.20. aci Anterior commissure/ intrabulbar part, AOE Anterior olfactory nucleus/external part, AOL Anterior olfactory nucleus/lateral part, dlo Dorsal olfactory tract, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle, EPl External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, EPlA External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, FrA Frontal associational cortex, GI Granular insular cortex, GlA Glomerular layer
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of the accessory olfactory bulb, GrA Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, GrO Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, IPl Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, lo Lateral olfactory tract, Mi Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, MiA Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, rf rhinal fissure, ri rhinal incisures
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I: 13.65
Fig. 3.9
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Fig. 3.10 Images for I: 13.65. AOD Anterior olfactory nucleus/dorsal part, AOE Anterior olfactory nucleus/ external part, AOL Anterior olfactory nucleus/ lateral part, AOM Anterior olfactory nucleus/ medial part, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle, EPl External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, EPlA External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb,
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FrA Frontal associational cortex, GI Granular insular cortex, GrO Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, IPl Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LO Lateral orbital cortex, Mi Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, MiA Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, MO Medial orbital cortex, rf rhinal fissure, ri rhinal incisure, VO Ventral orbital cortex
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I: 12.88
Fig. 3.11
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Fig. 3.12 Images for I: 12.88. aci Anterior commissure/ intrabulbar part, AOD Anterior olfactory nucleus/dorsal part, AOL Anterior olfactory nucleus/ lateral part, AOM Anterior olfactory nucleus/medial part, AOVP Anterior olfactory nucleus/ventroposterior part, E/OV Ependyma
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and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LO Lateral orbital cortex, MO Medial orbital cortex, PrL Prelimbic cortex, rf rhinal fissure, ri rhinal incisure, VO Ventral orbital cortex, VTT 1-2 Ventral tenia tecta/layer 1-2
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I: 12.22
Fig. 3.13
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Fig. 3.14 Images for I: 12.22. aci Anterior commissure/ intrabulbar part, AI Agranular insular cortex, AOD Anterior olfactory nucleus/dorsal part, AOL Anterior olfactory nucleus/lateral part, AOVP Anterior olfactory nucleus/ventroposterior part, Cg Cingulate cortex, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle,
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fmi Forceps minor of the corpus callosum, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LO Lateral orbital cortex, MO Medial orbital cortex, PrL Prelimbic cortex, rf rhinal fissure, ri rhinal incisure, VO Ventral orbital cortex, VTT 1-2 Ventral tenia tecta/layer 1-2
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Fig. 3.15
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Fig. 3.16 Images for I: 11.56. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AI Agranular insular cortex, AOP Anterior olfactory nucleus/posterior part, AOVP Anterior olfactory nucleus/ventroposterior part, Cg Cingulate cortex, Cl Claustrum, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DP Dorsal peduncular cortex, DTr Dorsal transition zone, DTT 1-3 Dorsal tenia tecta/layer 1-3, E/OV Ependyma & subepen-
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dymal layer/olfactory ventricle, fmi Forceps minor of the corpus callosum, GI Granular insular cortex, IL Infralimbic cortex, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LO Lateral orbital cortex, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PrL Prelimbic cortex, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, VO Ventral orbital cortex
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I: 10.90
Fig. 3.17
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Fig. 3.18 Images for I: 10.90. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AI Agranular insular cortex, AOP Anterior olfactory nucleus/posterior part, AOVP Anterior olfactory nucleus/ventroposterior part, Cg Cingulate cortex, Cl Claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DP Dorsal peduncular cortex, DTr Dorsal transition zone, DTT 1-3 Dorsal tenia tecta/ layer 1-3, E/OV Ependyma and subependymal
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layer/olfactory ventricle, fmi Forceps minor of the corpus callosum, GI Granular insular cortex, IL Infralimbic cortex, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LO Lateral orbital cortex, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PrL Prelimbic cortex, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VO Ventral orbital cortex
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Fig. 3.19
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Fig. 3.20 Images for I: 10.24. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AcbC Accumbens nucleus/core, AcbSh Accumbens nucleus/shell, AI Agranular insular cortex, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, Cl Claustrum, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DP Dorsal peduncular cortex, DTT 1-2 Dorsal tenia tecta/layer 1-2, E/LV Ependyma and subependymal layer/lateral ventricle, gcc Genu of the
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corpus callosum, GI Granular insular cortex, ICj Islands of Calleja, IG Indusium griseum, IL Infralimbic cortex, LO Lateral orbital cortex, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PrL Prelimbic cortex, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, Tu 1-3 Olfactory tubercle/layer 1-3, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus
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Fig. 3.21
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Fig. 3.22 Images for I: 9.58. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AcbC Accumbens nucleus/core, AcbSh Accumbens nucleus/shell, AI Agranular insular cortex, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DP Dorsal peduncular cortex, DTT 1-2 Dorsal tenia tecta/layer 1-2, E Ependyma and subependymal layer, GI Granular insular
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cortex, ICj Islands of Calleja, IG Indusium griseum, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LSI Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, Nv Navicular nucleus of the basal forebrain, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, Tu 1-3 Olfactory tubercle/layer 1-3, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VP Ventral pallidum
44
I: 8.92
Fig. 3.23
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Fig. 3.24 Images for I: 8.92. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AcbC Accumbens nucleus/core, AcbSh Accumbens nucleus/shell, AI Agranular insular cortex, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DP Dorsal peduncular cortex, E Ependyma and subependymal layer, ec External capsule, GI Granular insular cortex, ICj Islands of Calleja, ICjM Islands of Calleja/major island, IG Indusium griseum, lo Lateral
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olfactory tract, LSD Lateral septal nucleus/dorsal part, LSI Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part, LSV Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MS Medial septal nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, Tu 1-3 Olfactory tubercle/layer 1-3, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VDB Nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VP Ventral pallidum
46
I: 8.26
Fig. 3.25
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Fig. 3.26 Images for I: 8.26. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AcbC Accumbens nucleus/core, AcbSh Accumbens nucleus/shell, AI Agranular insular cortex, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, GI Granular insular cortex, ICj Islands of Calleja, ICjM Islands of Calleja/major island, IG Indusium griseum, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LSD Lateral septal
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nucleus/dorsal part, LSI Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part, LSS Lateral stripe of the striatum, LSV Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MS Medial septal nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, Tu 1-3 Olfactory tubercle/layer 1-3, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VDB Nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VP Ventral pallidum
48
I: 7.60
Fig. 3.27
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.28 Images for I: 7.60. aca Anterior commissure/ anterior part, AI Agranular insular cortex, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), CxA 1-3 Cortex-amygdala transition zone/layer 1-3, DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, ec External capsule, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GI Granular insular cortex, HDB Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, ic Internal capsule, ICj Islands of Calleja, IG Indusium griseum, IPAC Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LPO Lateral preoptic area, LSD Lateral septal nucleus/dorsal part, LSI Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part, LSS Lateral stripe of the stria-
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tum, LSV Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MCPO Magnocellular preoptic nucleus, MnPO Median preoptic nucleus, MS Medial septal nucleus, och Optic chiasm, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, rf Rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SFi Septofimbrial nucleus, SHy Septohypothalamic nucleus, SIB Substantia innominata/basal part, SO Supraoptic nucleus, STL Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/lateral division, STM Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division, Tu Olfactory tubercle, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VOLT Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, VP Ventral pallidum
50
I: 6.94
Fig. 3.29
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.30 Images for I: 6.94. AA Anterior amygdaloid area, ac Anterior commissure, acp Anterior commissure/ posterior limb, AI Agranular insular cortex, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, Cg Cingulate cortex, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), CxA1 Cortex-amygdala transition zone/layer 1-3, DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, ec External capsule, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GI Granular insular cortex, GP Globus pallidus, ic Internal capsule, IG Indusium griseum, IPACL Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure/lateral part, IPACM Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure/medial part, lo Lateral olfactory tract, LPO Lateral preoptic area, LSD Lateral septal
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nucleus/dorsal part, LSV Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MCPO Magnocellular preoptic nucleus, MnPO Median preoptic nucleus, MPA Medial preoptic area, MPO Medial preoptic nucleus, och Optic chiasm, Pe Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, rf rhinal fissure, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SFi Septofimbrial nucleus, SHy Septohypothalamic nucleus, SIB Substantia innominata/basal part, SO Supraoptic nucleus, st Stria terminalis, STL Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/lateral division, STM Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division, TS Triangular septal nucleus, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VP Ventral pallidum
52
I: 6.28
Fig. 3.31
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Fig. 3.32 Images for I: 6.28. 3V Third ventricle, AA Anterior amygdaloid area, AI Agranular insular cortex, AM Anteromedial thalamic nucleus, AV Anteroventral thalamic nucleus, B Basal nucleus (Meynert), C Cochlear nuclei, cc Corpus callosum, Cg Cingulate cortex, cg Cingulum, chp Choroid plexus, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), CxA1 Cortex-amygdala transition zone/layer 1, DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, df Dorsal fornix, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, EAC Sublenticular extended amygdala/central part, ec External capsule, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GI Granular insular cortex, GP Globus pallidus, HDB Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, ic Internal capsule, IG Indusium griseum, IPAC Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, LOT Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract/layer 1-3, LPO Lateral preoptic area, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MCPO Magnocellular preoptic nucleus, MeA Medial amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part, MPA
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Medial preoptic area, MPO Medial preoptic nucleus, MPOC Medial preoptic nucleus/central part, och Optic chiasm, PaAP Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus/anterior parvicellular part, Pe Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PT Paratenial thalamic nucleus, PVA Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/ anterior part, Re Reuniens thalamic nucleus, rf Rhinal fissure, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SChDL Suprachiasmatic nucleus/ dorsolateral part, SChVM Suprachiasmatic nucleus/ventromedial part, SFi Septofimbrial nucleus, SFO Subfornical organ, SHy Septohypothalamic nucleus, SIB Substantia innominata/basal part, sm Stria medullaris of the thalamus, SO Supraoptic nucleus, st Stria terminalis, STM Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division, TS Triangular septal nucleus, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, vhc Ventral hippocampal commissure, VP Ventral pallidum
54
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 5.62
Fig. 3.33
rhinal fissure, Rh Rhomboid thalamic nucleus, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm Stria medullaris of the thalamus,
SO Supraoptic nucleus, TuLH Tuberal region of lateral hypothalamus, VA Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VL Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, VMH Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
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Fig. 3.34 Images for I: 5.62. 3V Third ventricle, Aco Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, AD Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, AHC Anterior hypothalamic area/central part, AHP Anterior hypothalamic area/posterior part, AI Agranular insular cortex, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, AM Anteromedial thalamic nucleus, Arc Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, B Basal nucleus (Meynert), BLA Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part, BMA Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, CeC Central amygdaloid nucleus/capsular part, CeM Central amygdaloid nucleus/medial part, cg Cingulum, chp Choroid plexus, CM Central medial thalamic nucleus, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, EA Sublenticular extended amygdala, ec External capsule, EP Entopedunclar nucleus, f Fornix, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GI
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Granular insular cortex, GP Globus pallidus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, IAM Interanteromedial thalamic nucleus, ic Internal capsule, LaDL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part, LM Lateral mammillary nucleus, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MeAD Medial amygdaloid nucleus/anterodorsal part, MeAV Medial amygdaloid nucleus/anteroventral part, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mt Mammillothalamic tract, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, Pa Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, PC Paracentral thalamic nucleus, Pe Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLH Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus, PT Paratenial thalamic nucleus, PVA Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/ anterior part, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, RCh Retrochiasmatic area, Re Reuniens thalamic nucleus, rf
56
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 4.96
Fig. 3.35
lateral hypothalamus, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PVA Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/anterior part, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, Re Reuniens thalamic nucleus, rf Rhinal fissure, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm Stria medullaris
of the thalamus, st Stria terminalis, TuLH Tuberal region of lateral hypothalamus, VA Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, VCl Ventral part of claustrum, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VL Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, VM Ventromedial thalamic nucleus, VMH Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VPL Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, Xi Xiphoid thalamic nucleus, ZIR Zona incerta/ rostral part
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Fig. 3.36 Images for I: 4.96. 3V Third ventricle, AHP Anterior hypothalamic area/posterior part, AI Agranular insular cortex, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, AM Anteromedial thalamic nucleus, AngT Angular thalamic nucleus, Arc Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, BLA Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part, BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, BMP Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, CA2 Field CA2 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, Ce Central amygdaloid nucleus, CeL Central amygdaloid nucleus/lateral part, CeM Central amygdaloid nucleus/medial part, cg Cingulum, CL Centrolateral thalamic nucleus, CM Central medial thalamic nucleus, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DCl Dorsal part of claustrum, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, ec External capsule, EP Entopedunclar nucleus, f Fornix, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GP Globus pallidus, GrDG Granule cell layer of
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the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, ic Internal capsule, IMD Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus, LaDL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part, LaVL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventrolateral part, LaVM Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part, LD Laterodorsal (or lateral dorsal) thalamic nucleus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LV Lateral ventricle, M1 Motor cortex/primary area, MDL Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part, MDM Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part, ME Median eminence, MePD Medial amygdaloid nucleus/posterodorsal part, MePV Medial amygdaloid nucleus/posteroventral part, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mt Mammillothalamic tract, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, Pa Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pe Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLCo 1-3 Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus 1-3, PLH Peduncular part of the
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3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 4.30
Fig. 3.37
Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, Re Reuniens thalamic nucleus, rf Rhinal fissure, Rh Rhomboid thalamic nucleus, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm
Stria medullaris of the thalamus, st Stria terminalis, TuLH Tuberal region of lateral hypothalamus, VEn Ventral endopiriform nucleus, VL Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, VM Ventromedial thalamic nucleus, VMH Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VPL Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, VPM Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, Xi Xiphoid thalamic nucleus
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Fig. 3.38 Images for I: 4.30. 3V Third ventricle, AI Agranular insular cortex, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, Arc Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, BLA Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part, BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, BMP Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, CA2 Field CA2 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, Ce Central amygdaloid nucleus, cg Cingulum, chp Choroid plexus, CL Centrolateral thalamic nucleus, CM Central medial thalamic nucleus, CPu Caudate putamen (striatum), DA Dorsal hypothalamic area, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DI Dysgranular insular cortex, DM Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, EP Entopeduncular nucleus, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, GI Granular insular cortex, GP Globus pallidus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, ic Internal capsule, IMD Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus, LaDL Lateral amyg-
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daloid nucleus/dorsolateral part, LaVL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventrolateral part, LaVM Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part, LD Laterodorsal (or lateral dorsal) thalamic nucleus, LHb Lateral habenular nucleus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LV Lateral ventricle, MDL Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/ lateral part, MDM Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part, ME Median eminence, MePD Medial amygdaloid nucleus/posterodorsal/part, MePV Medial amygdaloid nucleus/posteroventral/part, MHb Medial habenular nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PC Paracentral thalamic nucleus, Pe Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLCo 1-3 Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus 1-3, PLH Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, Po Posterior thalamic nuclear group, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PV
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3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 3.75
Fig. 3.39
Perirhinal cortex, PSTh Parasubthalamic nucleus, PVP Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/posterior part, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, rf Rhinal fissure, RRe Retroreuniens area, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjuncti-
vum), SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm Stria medullaris of the thalamus, SPF Subparafiscicular thalamic nucleus, STh Subthalamic nucleus, VG Ventral geniculate nucleus, VPL Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, VPM Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, VPPC Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus/parvicellular part, ZID Zona incerta/dorsal part, ZIV Zona incerta/ ventral part
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Fig. 3.40 Images for I: 3.75.3V Third ventricle, AHiPL Amygdalohippocam pal area/posterolateral part, AHiM Amygdalohippocampal area/posteromedial part, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, BMP Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, CA2 Field CA2 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, chp Choroid plexus, CL Centrolateral thalamic nucleus, CM Central medial thalamic nucleus, cp Cerebral peduncle, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DLG Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, f Fornix, FC Fasciola cinereum, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, fr Fasciculus retroflexus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, ic Internal capsule, LaDL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part, LaVM Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part, LHb Lateral
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habenular nucleus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LPL Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/ lateral part, LPM Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/ medial part, LV Lateral ventricle, MDL Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part, MDM Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part, MHb Medial habenular nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, MRe/3V Mammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle, mt Mammillothalamic tract, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PF Parafascicular thalamic nucleus, PH Posterior hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLCo Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus 1-3, PLH Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PMD Premammillary nucleus/dorsal part, PMV Premammillary nucleus/ventral part, Po Posterior thalamic nuclear group, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PoMn Posteromedial thalamic nucleus, PRh
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3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 2.98
Fig. 3.41
Perirhinal cortex, PSTh Parasubthalamic nucleus, PVP Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/posterior part, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, rf Rhinal fissure, RRe Retroreuniens area, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, Rt Reticular thalamic nucleus, S1 Somatosensory cortex/primary area, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjuncti-
vum), SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm Stria medullaris of the thalamus, SPF Subparafiscicular thalamic nucleus, STh Subthalamic nucleus, VG Ventral geniculate nucleus, VPL Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, VPM Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, VPPC Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus/parvicellular part, ZID Zona incerta/dorsal part, ZIV Zona incerta/ ventral part
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Fig. 3.42 Images for I: 2.98. 3V Third ventricle, AHiPL Amygdalohippocampal area/posterolateral part, AHiM Amygdalohippocampal area/posteromedial part, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, BMP Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, CA2 Field CA2 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, chp Choroid plexus, CL Centrolateral thalamic nucleus, CM Central medial thalamic nucleus, cp Cerebral peduncle, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DLG Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, f Fornix, FC Fasciola cinereum, fi Fimbria of the hippocampus, fr Fasciculus retroflexus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, ic Internal capsule, LaDL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part, LaVM Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part, LHb Lateral
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habenular nucleus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LPL Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/ lateral part, LPM Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/ medial part, LV Lateral ventricle, MDL Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part, MDM Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part, MHb Medial habenular nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, MRe/3V Mammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle, mt Mammillothalamic tract, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PF Parafascicular thalamic nucleus, PH Posterior hypothalamic nucleus, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLCo Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus 1-3, PLH Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PMD Premammillary nucleus/dorsal part, PMV Premammillary nucleus/ventral part, Po Posterior thalamic nuclear group, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PoMn Posteromedial thalamic nucleus, PRh
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3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 2.32
Fig. 3.43
nucleus, PRh Perirhinal cortex, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, SuML Supramammillary nucleus/lateral part, SuMM Supramammillary nucleus/medial part, RPF Retro parafascicular nucleus, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular
cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, SCO Subcom missural organ, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, sm Stria medullaris of the thalamus, STh Subthalamic nucleus, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VG
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Fig. 3.44 Images for I: 2.32. 3V Third ventricle, AHiPL Amygdalohippocampal area/posterolateral part, AHiM Amygdalohippocampal area/posteromedial part, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part, bsc Brachium of the superior colliculus, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, CA2 Field CA2 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cc Corpus callosum, cg Cingulum, chp Choroid plexus, DEn Dorsal endopiriform nucleus, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DLG Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, fr Fasciculus retroflexus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, ic/cp Internal capsule/cerebral peduncle, LM Lateral mammillary nucleus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LP Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, LPM Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/medial part, LPMR Lateral poste-
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rior thalamic nucleus/mediorostral part, Lth Lithoid nucleus, MCPC Magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure, MGD Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part, MGV Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part, ml Medial lemniscus, ML Medial mammillary nucleus/lateral part, MnA Median accessory nucleus of the medulla, MnM Medial mammillary nucleus/median part, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, MPT Medial pretectal nucleus, mtg Mammillotegmental tract, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, OT Nucleus of the optic tract, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PC Paracentral thalamic nucleus, PHA Posterior hypothalamic area, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PLCo Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PLH Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus, pm Principal mammillary tract, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PrC Precommissural
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3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
I: 1.66
Fig. 3.45
peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, SNC Substantia nigra/compact part, SNL Substantia nigra/lateral part, SNR Substantia nigra/ reticular part, SuG Superficial gray layer of the superior
colliculus, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VS Ventral subiculum, VTA Ventral tegmental area, Zo Zonal layer of the superior colliculus
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Fig. 3.46 Images for I: 1.66. Ahi Amygdalohippocampal area, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, APT Anterior pretectal nucleus, Aq Aqueduct, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, bsc Brachium of the superior colliculus, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cg Cingulum, cp Cerebral peduncle, csc Commissure of the superior colliculus, Dk Nucleus of Darkschewitsch, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DLG Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, DpG Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus, DpWh Deep white layer of the superior colliculus, DS Dorsal subiculum, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, fr Fasciculus retroflexus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, InC Interstitial nucleus of Cajal, InG Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus, InWh Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LP Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, LV Lateral ventricle,
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MeRt Mesencephalic reticular nucleus, MGD Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part, MGV Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part, ml Medial lemniscus, ML Medial mammillary nucleus/lateral part, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mp Mammillary peduncle, mtg Mammillotegmental tract, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, opt Optic tract, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, pc Posterior commissure, PCom Nucleus of the posterior commissure, Pir 1-3 Piriform cortex/layer 1-3, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, Po Posterior thalamic nuclear group, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, PRh Perirhinal cortex, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, rf Rhinal fissure, RLi Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe, SuMM Supramammillary nucleus/medial part, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, SCO Subcommissural organ, scp Superior cerebellar
68
I: 1.00
Fig. 3.47
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.48 Images for I: 1.00. 3n Oculomotor nerve, Ahi Amygdalohippocampal area, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, APT Anterior pretectal nucleus, Aq Aqueduct, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, bsc Brachium of the superior colliculus, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, CA3 Field CA3 of the hippocampus, cp Cerebral peduncle, Dk Nucleus of Darkschewitsch, DpG Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus, DpWh Deep white layer of the superior colliculus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, fr Fasciculus retroflexus, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, InC Interstitial nucleus of Cajal, InG Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus, InWh Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus, LMol Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus, LP Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, LV Lateral ventricle, MA3 Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus, MCPC Magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure, MeRt Mesencephalic reticular nucleus, MGD Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part, MGM Medial geniculate nucleus/medial part, MGV
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Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mp Mammillary peduncle, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PMCo Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, PPT Posterior pretectal nucleus, PrEW Pre-Edinger-Westphal nucleus, PRh Perirhinal cortex, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, rf Rhinal fissure, RMC Red nucleus/magnocellular part, RPC Red nucleus/parvicellular part, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SG Suprageniculate thalamic nucleus, SLu Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus, SNC Substantia nigra/compact part, SNL Substantia nigra/lateral part, SNR Substantia nigra/reticular part, SuG Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VS Ventral subiculum, Zo Zonal layer of the superior colliculus
70
I: 0.34
Fig. 3.49
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.50 Images for I: 0.34. 3n Oculomotor nerve, 3N Oculomotor nucleus, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, APir Amygdalopiriform transition area, APT Anterior pretectal nucleus, Aq Aqueduct, Au1 Auditory cortex/primary area, bic Brachium of the inferior colliculus, bsc Brachium of the superior colliculus, CA1 Field CA1 of the hippocampus, cp Cerebral peduncle, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DpG Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus, DpWh Deep white layer of the superior colliculus, DS Dorsal subiculum, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, EW Edinger-Westphal nucleus, fmj Forceps major of the corpus callosum, GrDG Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, hif Hippocampal fissure, IEnt Intermediate entorhinal cortex, InG Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus, InWh Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus, IPC Interpeduncular nucleus/caudal subnucleus, IPL Interpeduncular nucleus/lateral subnucleus, IPR, Interpeduncular nucleus/rostral subnucleus, LMol lacunosum moleculare layer of the h ippocampus, LV Lateral ventricle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/ nucleus, MEnt Medial entorhinal cortex, MeRt
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Mesencephalic reticular nucleus, MGD Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part, MGM Medial geniculate nucleus/ medial part, MGV Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MoDG Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mp Mammillary peduncle, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, Or Oriens layer of the hippocampus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PoDG Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, Post Postsubiculum, PRh Perirhinal cortex, Py Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, Rad Radiatum layer of the hippocampus, rf Rhinal fissure, Rli Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe, RMC Red nucleus/magnocellular part, RPC Red nucleus/parvicellular part, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SG Suprageniculate thalamic nucleus, SNC Substantia nigra/ compact part, SNL Substantia nigra/lateral part, SNR Substantia nigra/reticular part, Su3 Supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray, SuG Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VS Ventral subiculum, Zo Zonal layer of the superior colliculus
72
I: –0.32
Fig. 3.51
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.52 Images for I:−0.32. 3PC Oculomotor nucleus/ parvicellular part, alv Alveus of the hippocampus, Aq Aqueduct, BIC Nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus, bic Brachium of the inferior colliculus, CEnt Caudomedial entorhinal cortex, CLi Caudal linear nucleus of the raphe, cp Cerebral peduncle, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DpG Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus, DpWh Deep white layer of the superior colliculus, ECIC External cortex of the inferior colliculus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, IEnt Intermediate entorhinal cortex, InG Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus, InWh Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus, IPC Interpeduncular nucleus/caudal subnucleus, IPI Interpeduncular nucleus/intermediate subnucleus, IPL Interpeduncular nucleus/lateral subnucleus, IPR Interpeduncular nucleus/rostral subnucleus, LV Lateral ven-
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tricle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/nucleus, MEnt Medial entorhinal cortex, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PaS Parasubiculum, Post Postsubiculum, PRh Perirhinal cortex, Prs Presubiculum, rf Rhinal fissure, rs Rubrospinal tract, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, s5/m5 Sensory/motor root of the trigeminal nerve, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SNC Substantia nigra/compact part, SNR Substantia nigra/reticular part, Su3 Supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray, SuG Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, ts Tectospinal tract, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, xscp Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle, Zo Zonal layer of the superior colliculus
74
I: –0.98
Fig. 3.53
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.54 Images for I:−0.98. 4n Trochlear nerve, 4N Trochlear nucleus, Aq Aqueduct, BIC Nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus, bic Brachium of the inferior colliculus, CEnt Caudomedial entorhinal cortex, CIC Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, CnF Cuneiform nucleus, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DpG Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus, DpWh Deep white layer of the superior colliculus, DRD Dorsal raphe nucleus/dorsal part, DRL Dorsal raphe nucleus/lateral part, DRV Dorsal raphe nucleus/ventral part, ECIC External cortex of the inferior colliculus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, IEnt Intermediate entorhinal cortex, InWh Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus, lfp Longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/ nucleus, MEnt Medial entorhinal cortex, ml Medial lem-
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niscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MnR Median raphe nucleus, Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PaS Parasubiculum, PBG Parabigeminal nucleus, Pn Pontine nuclei, PnO Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part, Post Postsubiculum, PRh Perirhinal cortex, rf Rhinal fissure, rs Rubrospinal tract, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, RtTg Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, s5/m5 Sensory/motor root of the trigeminal nerve, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), SuG Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, tfp Transverse fibers of the pons, ts Tectospinal tract, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VLL Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, xscp Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle, Zo Zonal layer of the superior colliculus
76
I: –1.64
Fig. 3.55
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Fig. 3.56 Images for I:−1.64. 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4n Trochlear nerve, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, Aq Aqueduct, bic Brachium of the inferior colliculus, CEnt Caudomedial entorhinal cortex, CIC Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, cic Commissure of the inferior colliculus, CnF Cuneiform nucleus, DCIC Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus, DLEnt Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex, DLL Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, DRD Dorsal raphe nucleus/dorsal part, DRL Dorsal raphe nucleus/lateral part, DRV Dorsal raphe nucleus/ ventral part, ECIC External cortex of the inferior colliculus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, ILL Intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, lfp Longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, ll Lateral lemniscus, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle,
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me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/nucleus, MEnt Medial entorhinal cortex, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MnR Median raphe nucleus, PAG Periaqueductal gray, PaS Parasubiculum, Pn Pontine nuclei, PnO Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part, Post Postsubiculum, PRh Perirhinal cortex, rf Rhinal fissure, rs Rubrospinal tract, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RSG Retrosplenial granular cortex, RtTg Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, s5/m5 Sensory/ motor root of the trigeminal nerve, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), tfp Transverse fibers of the pons, ts Tectospinal tract, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VLL Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, VTg Ventral tegmental nucleus
78
I: –2.3
Fig. 3.57
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.58 Images for I:−2.3. 2Cb Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, bic Brachium of the inferior colliculus, CEnt Caudomedial entorhinal cortex, CG Central gray, CIC Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, CnF Cuneiform nucleus, DCIC Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus, DLL Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, DMTg Dorsomedial tegmental area, DRC Dorsal raphe nucleus/caudal part, DTg Dorsal tegmental nucleus, ECIC External cortex of the inferior colliculus, Ect Ectorhinal cortex, ILL Intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, LDTg Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, lfp Longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, ll Lateral lemniscus, LPB Lateral parabrachial nucleus, m5 Motor
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root of the trigeminal nerve, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/ nucleus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MnR Median raphe nucleus, MPB Medial parabrachial nucleus, PaS Parasubiculum, PnO Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part, PRh Perirhinal cortex, rf Rhinal fissure, rs Rubrospinal tract, RSD Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, RtTg Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, s5 Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, Sag Sagulum nucleus, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), tfp Transverse fibers of the pons, ts Tectospinal tract, V1 Visual cortex/primary area, VLL Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
80
I: –2.96
Fig. 3.59
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.60 Images for I:−2.96. 1Cb Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula), 2Cb Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis, 3Cb Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4n Trochlear nerve, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, CG Central gray, DMTg Dorsomedial tegmental area, DRC Dorsal raphe nucleus/ caudal part, Fl Flocculus, IC Inferior colliculus, KF Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, LDTg Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, lfp Longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, ll Lateral lemniscus, LPB Lateral parabrachial nucleus, m5 Motor root of the trigeminal nerve, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/
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nucleus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MnR Median raphe nucleus, MPB Medial parabrachial nucleus, MVPO Medioventral periolivary nucleus, pcuf Preculminate fissure, PnO Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part, prf Primary fissure, psf Posterior superior fissure, rs Rubrospinal tract, RtTg Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, s5 Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), Sim Simple lobule, Su5 Supratrigeminal nucleus, tfp Transverse fibers of the pons, ts Tectospinal tract, tz Trapezoid body, Tz Nucleus of the trapezoid body, VLL Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
82
I: –3.62
Fig. 3.61
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.62 Images for I:−3.62. 1Cb Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula), 2Cb Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis, 3Cb Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, 8cn Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, 8vn Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, CG Central gray, Fl Flocculus, GrC Granule cell layer of the cochlear nuclei, II Intermediate interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, KF Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, LC Locus coeruleus, LVPO Lateroventral periolivary nucleus, M5 Nucleus of motor root of the trigeminal nerve, m5 Motor root of the trigeminal nerve, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle, me5/Me5 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract/nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudi-
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nal fasciculus, MPB Medial parabrachial nucleus, MPBE Medial parabrachial nucleus/external part, MSO Medial superior olive, MVPO Medioventral periolivary nucleus, PnC Pontine reticular nucleus/caudal part, Pr5 Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, pcuf Preculminate fissure, py Pyramidal tract, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, RtTg Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, s5 Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), Sim Simple lobule, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, ts Tectospinal tract, tz Trapezoid body, Tz Nucleus of the trapezoid body, VCA Ventral cochlear nucleus/anterior part, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
84
I: –4.28
Fig. 3.63
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.64 Images for I:−4.28. 1Cb Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula), 2Cb Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis, 3Cb Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, 5Tr Trigeminal transition zone, 6n Abducens nerve, 7n Facial nerve, 8cn Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, 8vn Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, Fl Flocculus, g7 Genu of the facial nerve, GrC Granule cell layer of the cochlear nuclei, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), LC Locus coeruleus, LPO Lateral preoptic area, LSO Lateral superior olive, M5 Nucleus of motor root of the trigeminal nerve, mcp Middle cerebellar peduncle, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MPB Medial parabrachial nucleus, MPO Medial preoptic nucleus, MSO Medial superior olive, MVeMC Medial vestibular nucleus/
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magnocellular part, P5 Peritrigeminal zone, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, pcuf Preculminate fissure, PFl Paraflocculus, plf Posterolateral fissure, PnC Pontine reticular nucleus/caudal part, Pr Prepositus nucleus, Pr5 Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, prf Primary fissure, psf Posterior superior fissure, py Pyramidal tract, RIP Raphe interpositus nucleus, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), Sim Simple lobule, Pr5 Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, SuVe Superior vestibular nucleus, ts Tectospinal tract, tz Trapezoid body, Tz Nucleus of the trapezoid body, un Uncinate fasciculus of the cerebellum, VCA Ventral cochlear nucleus/anterior part, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
86
I: –4.94
Fig. 3.65
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.66 Images for I:−4.94. 1Cb Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula), 2Cb Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis, 3Cb Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, 6Cb Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis, 6N Abducens nucleus, 7N Facial nucleus, 8vn Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, Crus1 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule, DCDp Dorsal cochlear nucleus/deep core, DCFu Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer, DCMo Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer, DMSp5 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, DPGi Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus, Fl Flocculus, g7 Genu of the facial nerve, Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), IntA Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, Lat Lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus, LPGi Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, LPO Lateral preoptic area, LR4V Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle, LSO Lateral superior
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olive, LVe Lateral vestibular nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, MPO Medial preoptic nucleus, MSO Medial superior olive, MVeMC Medial vestibular nucleus/magnocellular part, MVePC Medial vestibular nucleus/parvicellular part, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, pcuf Preculminate fissure, PFl Paraflocculus, pfs Parafloccular sulcus, plf Posterolateral fissure, Pr Prepositus nucleus, prf Primary fissure, psf Posterior superior fissure, py Pyramidal tract, RIP Raphe interpositus nucleus, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, scp Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum), Sim Simple lobule, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, SuS Superior salivatory nucleus, SuVe Superior vestibular nucleus, tz Trapezoid body, Tz Nucleus of the trapezoid body, VCP Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part, VeCb Vestibulocerebellar nucleus, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
88
I: –5.60
Fig. 3.67
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Fig. 3.68 Images for I:−5.60. 3Cb Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis, 4Cb Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Cb Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis, 5Sol trigeminal-solitary transition zone, 6Cb Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis, 7N Facial nucleus, Crus1 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule, das Dorsal acoustic stria, DCDp Dorsal cochlear nucleus/deep core, DCFu Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer, DCMo Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer, DMSp5 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, DPGi Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus, Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus, GiA Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/alpha part, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), IntA Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, IS Inferior salivatory nucleus, Lat Lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus, LatPC lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular
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part, LR4V Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle, LVe Lateral vestibular nucleus, Med Medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MVeMC Medial vestibular nucleus/magnocellular part, MVePC Medial vestibular nucleus/parvicellular part, PFl Paraflocculus, pfs Parafloccular sulcus, prf Primary fissure, psf Posterior superior fissure, py Pyramidal tract, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, Sim Simple lobule, simf Simplex fissure, SMV Superior medullary velum, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5O Spinal trigeminal nucleus/oral part, SpVe Spinal vestibular nucleus, ts Tectospinal tract, tz Trapezoid body, VCP Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part, VeCb Vestibulocerebellar nucleus, Y Nucleus Y of the vestibular complex
90
I: –6.26
Fig. 3.69
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Fig. 3.70 Images for I:−6.26. 10Cb Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule), 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Sol trigeminal-solitary transition zone, 6Cb Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis, 7N Facial nucleus, 8cn Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve, chp Choroid plexus, Crus1 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule, Crus2 Crus2 of the ansiform lobule, das Dorsal acoustic stria, DCDp Dorsal cochlear nucleus/ deep core, DCFu Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer, DCMo Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer, DMSp5 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, DPGi Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus, Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus, icf Intercrural fissure, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), IntP Posterior interposed cerebellar nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, LPGi
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Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, LR4V Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle, Med Medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MVe Medial vestibular nucleus, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, PFl Paraflocculus, pfs Parafloccular sulcus, Pr Prepositus nucleus, py Pyramidal tract, RMg Raphe magnus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, Sol Nucleus of the solitary tract, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5O Spinal trigeminal nucleus/ oral part, SpVe Spinal vestibular nucleus, ts Tectospinal tract, VCP Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part, X Nucleus X
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Fig. 3.71
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.72 Images for I:−6.92. 10Cb Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule), 10N Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 4V Fourth ventricle, 5Sol trigeminal-solitary transition zone, 6Cb Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis, 7Cb Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis, 8Cb Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), Amb Ambiguus nucleus, ampf Ansoparamedian fissure, chp Choroid plexus, Cop Copula of the pyramis, Crus1 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule, DMSp5 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, ECu External cuneate nucleus, Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus, GiV Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/ventral part, icf Intercrural fissure, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), IOD Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus, IOM Inferior olive/medial nucleus, IOPr Inferior olive/principal nucleus, IRt
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Intermediate reticular nucleus, LPGi Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, LR4V Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MVe Medial vestibular nucleus, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, PFl Paraflocculus, plf Posterolateral fissure, PM Paramedian lobule, ppf Prepyramidal fissure, Pr Prepositus nucleus, psf Posterior superior fissure, py Pyramidal tract, Rob Raphe obscurus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, sf Secondary fissure, Sol Nucleus of the solitary tract, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, SolV Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part, SolVL Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventrolateral part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5I Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part, SpVe Spinal vestibular nucleus, ts Tectospinal tract
94
I: –7.58
Fig. 3.73
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.74 Images for I:−7.58. 10Cb Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule), 10N Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 12N Hypoglossal nucleus, 5Sol Trigeminal-solitary transition zone, 6Cb Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis, 7Cb Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis, 8Cb Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), Amb Ambiguus nucleus, ampf Ansoparamedian fissure, Cop Copula of the pyramis, Crus1 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule, Crus2 Crus2 of the ansiform lobule, Cu Cuneate nucleus, DMSp5 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, ECu External cuneate nucleus, Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus, GiV Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/ventral part, icf Intercrural fissure, icp Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), IOD Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus, IOM Inferior olive/medial nucleus, IOPr Inferior olive/principal
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nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, Li Linear nucleus of the medulla, LPGi Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, MVe Medial vestibular nucleus, Mx Matrix region of the medulla, PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus, PFl Paraflocculus, plf Posterolateral fissure, ppf Prepyramidal fissure, psf Posterior superior fissure, Ro Nucleus of Roller, ROb Raphe obscurus nucleus, RPa Raphe pallidus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, sf Secondary fissure, Sol Nucleus of the solitary tract, SolL Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, SolV Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5I Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part, SpVe Spinal vestibular nucleus, ts Tectospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
96
I: –8.24
Fig. 3.75
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.76 Images for I:−8.24. 10Cb Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule), 10N Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 12N Hypoglossal nucleus, 7Cb Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis, 8Cb Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), Amb Ambiguus nucleus, AP Area postrema, ampf Ansoparamedian fissure, cc Corpus callosum, CeCv Central cervical nucleus, Cop Copula of the pyramis, Crus2 Crus2 of the ansiform lobule, cu Cuneate fasciculus, Cu Cuneate nucleus, dcs Dorsal corticospinal tract, ECu External cuneate nucleus, gr Gracile fasciculus, Gr Gracile nucleus, IOD Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus, IOM Inferior olive/medial nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, LRt Lateral reticular
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nucleus, LRtPC Lateral reticular nucleus/parvicellular part, MdD Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part, MdV Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part, ml Medial lemniscus, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, PM Paramedian lobule, PMn Paramedian reticular nucleus, py Pyramidal tract, rs Rubrospinal tract, Sol Nucleus of the solitary tract, SolC Nucleus of the solitary tract/commissural part, SolL Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, SolV Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5C Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part, Sp5I Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part, ts Tectospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
98
I: –8.90
Fig. 3.77
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.78 Images for I:−8.90.10N Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 12N Hypoglossal nucleus, 8Cb Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), CC Central canal, cu Cuneate fasciculus, Cu Cuneate nucleus, dcs Dorsal corticospinal tract, gr Gracile fasciculus, Gr Gracile nucleus, IOM Inferior olive/medial nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, LRt Lateral reticular nucleus, LRtPC Lateral reticular nucleus/parvicellular part, MdD Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part, MdV Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part, mlf
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Medial longitudinal fasciculus, mlx Decussation of the medial lemniscus, Mx Matrix region of the medulla, py Pyramidal tract, pyx Pyramidal decussation, RAmb Retroambiguus nucleus, rs Rubrospinal tract, Sol Nucleus of the solitary tract, SolC Nucleus of the solitary tract/ commissural part, SolL Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, SolV Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5C Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part, ts Tectospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
100
I: –9.56
Fig. 3.79
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.80 Images for I:−9.56. 10N Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), CC Central canal, CeCv Central cervical nucleus, cu Cuneate fasciculus, Cu Cuneate nucleus, dcs Dorsal corticospinal tract, dsc Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, gr Gracile fasciculus, Gr Gracile nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, MdD Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part, MdV
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Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, pyx Pyramidal decussation, rs Rubrospinal tract, SolC Nucleus of the solitary tract/commissural part, SolM Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5C Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part, ts Tectospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
102
I: –10.22
Fig. 3.81
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.82 Images for I:−10.22. 11N Accessory nerve nucleus, 9Cb Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula), CC Central canal, CeCv Central cervical nucleus, cu Cuneate fasciculus, Cu Cuneate nucleus, dcs Dorsal corticospinal tract, dsc Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, gr Gracile fasciculus, Gr Gracile nucleus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus,
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MdD Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part, MdV Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, pyx Pyramidal decussation, rs Rubrospinal tract, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, pyx Pyramidal decussation, rs Rubrospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
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I: –10.88
Fig. 3.83
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates 10
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Fig. 3.84 Images for I:−10.88. 11N Accessory nerve nucleus, CC Central canal, CeCv Central cervical nucleus, cu Cuneate fasciculus, dcs Dorsal corticospinal tract, dsc Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, gr Gracile fasciculus, IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus, MdD Medullary reticular
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nucleus/dorsal part, MdV Medullary reticular nucleus/ ventral part, mlf Medial longitudinal fasciculus, pyx Pyramidal decussation, rs Rubrospinal tract, sp5 Spinal trigeminal tract, Sp5C Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part, ts Tectospinal tract, vsc Ventral spinocerebellar tract
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
106 Interaural: +17.0 mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Interaural: +13.0 mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Interaural: +9.0 mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Interaural: +5.0 mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
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Interaural: +1.0 mm (Marker) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Interaural: –3.0 mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
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Fig. 3.85 Coronal images, reconstructed from volume rendered brain model, in “conventional” plane with an AC-PC line as a horizontal zero axis. Annotations are in common with Figs. 3.2 through 3.84
3 The Degu Brain Atlas in Stereotaxic Coordinates
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Fig. 3.86 Horizontal (a) and parasagittal (b) images, reconstructed from volume rendered brain model, in “conventional” plane with an AC-PC line as a horizontal zero axis. Annotations are in common with Figs. 3.2 through 3.84
4
Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain
Introduction Overview SG-eye Atlas is a software used for viewing the brain atlas database created by SG-eye Studio, and consists of the following two applications: • SG-eye Atlas • SG-eye 3D Atlas SG-eye Atlas displays various images such as staining images of brain sections and MRI images that also contain structure information. It also displays 3D models created from images that also contain structure information and 3D shapes with color coding for all types of structures. Other features include defining cutting planes and displaying sections. SG-eye Atlas and SG-eye 3D Atlas use the same data files. In other words, one data file contains both image data and 3D models. The application has a link feature, but its capabilities include the ability to display, with just one
click, staining images in SG-eye Atlas that correspond to sections displayed in SG-eye 3D Atlas.
Installing SG-Eye Atlas (Windows) SG-eye Atlas can be installed using the following commands: [DRIVE LETTER]\SGeyeAtlas\setup.exe [DRIVE LETTER]\SGeyeAtlas.x64\setup.exe
32 bit 64 bit
on the installation disk. When performing a 64-bit OS installation, the use of the “x64” file is recommended. During the installation, only the installation destination can be configured.
Installing SG-Eye Atlas (Mac OS X) SG-eye Atlas can be installed using 「SGeyeAtlas\AGeyeAtlas.pkg」 on the installation disk. Please enter the administrator password when asked.
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1_4
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Launching SG-Eye Atlas (Windows) Launch the application by clicking on Start > All programs > SG-eye v 3.7 > SG-eye Atlas or SG-eye 3D Atlas. As there are no data immediately after launching the application, nothing is displayed. The loading of data and other operations are explained below.
Applications/SG-eye/SG-eye Atlas v 3.7 folder in the Finder. When using Mac OS X 10.7, the application can also be launched by clicking on SG-eye Atlas or SG-eye 3D Atlas in SG-eye (others) in Launchpad.
Operating Environment The software requires one of the following operating system environments: OS
CPU
Memory Hard disk Graphics
Launching SG-Eye Atlas (Mac OS X) The application is launched by double-clicking on SG-eye Atlas or SG-eye 3D Atlas in the
Windows XP (32 bit / 64 bit) Windows Vista (32 bit / 64 bit) Windows 7 (32 bit / 64 bit) Mac OS X 10.5 or higher Intel x86 CPU or equivalent CPU, Pentium 4 or higher essential (Core2Duo 2.0 GHz, equivalent, or higher recommended) 1 GB or more (2 GB or more recommended) 200 MB or more free space (excluding data storage domain) OpenGL compatible GPU (For the acceleration for volume rendering, support of OpenGL 2.0 or higher, Shader Model 3.0 or higher, and Frame Buffer Object is essential)
SG-eye 3D Atlas provides a 3D shape display feature using volume rendering. The volume rendering speed varies greatly depending on the computer’s graphics performance. To obtain the optimum speed, the conditions given in parentheses above are required. Conversely, if the conditions above are not met, calculations and rendering are automatically performed by the CPU (low speed). In addition, even if the conditions outlined above are met, calculations and rendering are performed by the CPU if the graphics memory is insufficient. To display the optional high-resolution volume rendering, hardware acceleration is essential. The required hard disk capacity indicates the memory required to install all SG-eye Atlas applications. Please note that higher capacity is required for data storage.
Using SG-Eye Atlas
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Using SG-Eye Atlas
Loading Data
In this section, the actual use of the application is explained, starting with SG-eye Atlas, which is an application for viewing 2D images.
When SG-eye Atlas is launched, the data are first loaded. To load data, use the File > Open menu. When the data have been loaded, the screen changes as follows.
Displaying Images
thumbnail images in the Thumbnail. By clicking on any of the images, the image in that position is displayed in the main window.
When the data have been loaded, the 3D models in the Position window are displayed as complete
4 Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain
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The image displayed in the main window can be panned and zoomed. Pan
Zoom
Move the image by clicking the left mouse button and dragging
Switch to line drawing layer display
Switch to structure display
Zoom in or zoom out the image by clicking the left mouse button and dragging
Switch to coordinate axes display
Fit
Display image to fill the whole window
Switch to grid display
10% 20% 50% 100%
Display at a magnification of 10% Display at a magnification of 20% Display at a magnification of 50% Display at a magnification of 100% Display at a magnification of 200%
200%
The Navigator window shows the scope of the image currently displayed in the main window. When clicking the left mouse button in the Navigator window, the image displayed in the main window shifts such that its new center position is the location that was clicked.
Switch to dimensions display
Switch to bounding box display Switch to information display
Switch to label display
Switch to annotation display
Switch to markers display
Grid and dimension properties can be set in the dialog box displayed under Image > Set Options.
It is also possible to switch to the following display modes: Switch to image display
Switch to MRI layer display
Switch to MRI layer display (top right corner of screen)
Using SG-Eye Atlas Scale
Solid Line Dot Line Scale Unit Decimal Font Color Line Width–Solid Line Width–Dot
113 Sets the interval for a solid line on the grid Sets the interval for a dotted line on the grid Sets the interval for the dimensions displayed on the screen Sets the dimension units at either mm or μm Sets the number of decimal points for the dimensions displayed Sets the font for the displayed dimensions Sets the color for the grid lines and the displayed dimensions Sets the line width for the grid (solid lines) Sets the line width for the grid (dotted lines)
Selecting Structures Structures can be selected by clicking on the structure displayed in the main window with the right mouse button or by clicking on the structure with the left mouse button, after switching to the structure select mode by clicking on the button in the Image toolbar.
The selected structure can also be selected in the Structures tree view. In addition, the structure selected in the main window is highlighted and the hierarchical brain structure is displayed at the top left corner.
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Searching Structures
Display Properties for Groups
Structures can also be searched and selected by entering the name or abbreviation in the search box in the toolbar. The option to allow searches by either name or abbreviation can be set using the Name radio button or Abbreviation radio button.
When structures have been grouped, display properties can be set for each group. They can be set in the menu displayed by clicking on the Group tab in the Structure window, by right-clicking on the group name, or from the tool button at the top of the list. The properties that can be set are the same as the individual structure display properties.
Structure Display Properties Display properties for the selected structure can be set using the menu displayed by right-clicking on the Structure window or from the tool button at the top of the structure tree. Show
Switches to structure display
Transparent
Switches to semitransparent display
Fill
Switched to fill display mode
Line
Switched to line display mode
Adding Labels or Annotations Labels can be added to both images and structures. 1. Display the image to which you want to add a label. If you want to add a label to a structure, first select that structure. 2. When adding a label to an image, switch to Background using the button in the Label window. When adding a label to a structure, use the same method to switch to Structures.
Using SG-Eye Atlas
3. By clicking on the Label > Append menu, the Add label window opens.
5. The display color of the subject is entered as RGB values.
6. Enter the font for the subject. Select the font from the dialog box displayed when clicking on the […] button.
7. Select the marker shape. Markers are the symbols placed at both sides of the ticks.
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4. Enter a subject. The subject text will be displayed with the image.
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4 Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain
8. Enter the marker color as RGB values.
9. Enter the numbers, that is, numbers or letters placed at both sides of the ticks. Leave this space blank if you do not want to add these.
10. Enter the number color in RGB values.
11. Enter the number font.
12. Select the number of joints for the ticks. Entering 0 signifies the absence of ticks.
Using SG-Eye Atlas
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13. Enter the color of the ticks in RGB values.
14. Enter a memo. This can be omitted.
This is how labels are added. The default display position for labels is randomized. Please refer to the description below on how to move a label to its intended location.
4. After the label is moved, click the Commit button in the Label toolbar.
Adding Annotations It is possible to add annotations to images or structures.
Moving Labels 1. Select the label that you want to move in the Label window. 2. Click the Translate button in the Label toolbar. The joints of the ticks are displayed with X signs.
3. Labels can be moved by clicking the left mouse button on the joints and dragging them.
1. Display the image to which you want to add an annotation. If you want to add an annotation to a structure, first select the structure. 2. When adding an annotation to an image, switch to Background using the Annotation window button. If you want to add an annotation to a structure, use the same method to switch to Structures.
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3. When you click on the Annotation > Append menu, the Add annotation wizard opens. 4. Select a marker. You can choose from 10 colors.
5. Enter the subject. A speech balloon will be displayed for the subject and a note (which is to be set next) when the annotation is clicked.
6. Enter a note. This is optional. A speech balloon will be displayed for the subject and a note when the annotation is clicked.
This is how annotations are added. The default display position of annotations is random. Refer to the description below on how to move an annotation to its intended location.
The speech balloon will disappear if the annotation is clicked again.
Moving Annotations 1. Select the annotation that you want to move in the Annotation window. 2. Click the Translate button in the Annotation toolbar.
Using SG-Eye Atlas
3. Move the annotation by clicking on the left mouse button and dragging it. 4. After the annotation is moved, click the Commit button in the Annotation toolbar.
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2. When adding a marker to an image, switch to Background using the button in the Marker window. When adding a marker to a structure, use the same method to switch to Structures.
Adding Markers It is possible to add markers to images and structures. Markers are very similar to labels, but they do not have ticks. Also, they do not have a subject displayed. They are simply used as markers. 1. Display the image to which you want to add a marker. If you want to add a marker to a structure, first select that structure. 4. Enter a subject. The subject text will be displayed with the image.
5. Select the shape of the marker.
6. Select the size of the marker. When selecting Small, the marker is displayed as an 8-pixel image, and when selecting Large, it is displayed as a 16-pixel image.
3. By clicking on the Marker > Append menu, the Add marker wizard opens.
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This is how a marker is added. The default display position of markers is random. Refer to the description below on how to move a marker to its intended location.
2. Click the Translate button in the Marker toolbar.
3. Markers can be moved by clicking the left mouse button on the joints and dragging them.
4. After the marker is moved, click the Commit button in the Marker toolbar.
Moving Markers 1. Select the marker that you want to move in the Marker window.
Links If 3D model data are contained in the data file, an M icon is displayed at the top right corner of the SG-eye Atlas main window.
Using SG-Eye Atlas
By clicking on the M icon, SG-eye 3D Atlas is launched; the same file opens automatically and the 3D shape is displayed.
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Using SG-Eye 3D Atlas This section explains the use of SG-eye 3D Atlas, which is an application for viewing 3D models.
Moves viewpoint to show any free section Switches to model display Switches to structure contour display (in clipping view)
Loading Data Switches to label display
When launching SG-eye 3D Atlas, data are first loaded. To load data, use the File > Open menu. When data have been loaded, the screen changes as follows. The 3D model displayed in the main window can be panned, rotated, and zoomed. Pan
Move the model by clicking the left mouse button and dragging
Rotate
Rotate the model by clicking the left mouse button and dragging
Switches to annotation display
Switches to marker display
Switches to coordinates display
Switches to bounding box display Zoom
Fit
Expand or shrink the model by clicking the left mouse button and dragging
Switches to dimensions display
Display the model to fill the whole window Switches to information display
It is possible to change to the following display modes:
Switches to volume rendering display
Switches to perspective or parallel projection display of the model Moves viewpoint to show sagittal section. When pressed repeatedly, the model is rotated by 90° on its sagittal (X) axis Moves viewpoint to show coronal section. When pressed repeatedly, the model is rotated by 90° on its coronal (Y) axis Moves viewpoint to show horizontal (Z) section. When pressed repeatedly, the model is rotated by 90° on its horizontal axis
Switches to high resolution volume rendering display Switches to MRI layer display
Switches to bregma/lambda position display
Other display properties can be set in the dialog box displayed under Volume Model > Set options.
Using SG-Eye 3D Atlas
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124 Rendering
Surface Rendering Volume Rendering
Specular
Switches specular reflection On/Off
Type
Selects the type of volume rendering. Select from the following: • No Shading • Shading • Shading With Specular Sets the display quality. Select from 0 (most coarse) to 6 (highest resolution) Sets display quality when moving, rotating, and zooming with mouse Select from 0 (most coarse) to 4 (same as when at standstill) Sets dimension display interval (long) Sets dimension display interval (short) Sets dimension interval display (numbers) Sets the side dimensions displayed on C (+h/+s) which signifies that dimensions are displayed on the +h side (+z side, +s side, +x side) in the direction of the C axis (Y axis) of the bounding box Sets the dimensions units at either mm or μm Sets the number of decimal points for the dimensions displayed Sets the font of the displayed dimensions Sets the color of the displayed dimensions Sets the line width of the displayed dimensions
Quality Quality when Moving Scale
Interval–Long Interval–Short Interval–Number Direction
Unit Decimal Font Color Line Width
Selecting Structures Structures can be selected by clicking the right mouse button on the structure displayed in the main window or by double-clicking the left mouse button on the structure after switching to the structure select mode using the the Volume > Model toolbar.
button in
The selected structure can also be selected in the Structures tree view. In addition, the structure selected in the main window is highlighted and the hierarchical brain structure is displayed at the top left corner.
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Using SG-Eye 3D Atlas
By clicking on the button, the structure can be rotated, expanded, or shrunk, as it was selected.
Searching Structures Structures can also be searched and selected by entering a name or abbreviation in the search box in the toolbar. The option enabling you to search by either name or abbreviation can be set using the Name radio button or Abbreviation radio button.
Wireframe
Switches to line display (in surface view)
Dot
Switches to dots display (in surface view)
Show Contour
Switches structure contour display On/Off (in clipping view)
Transparent
Switches semitransparent display of contours On/Off (in clipping view)
Fill
Fill display mode (in clipping view)
Line
Line display mode (in clipping view)
Display Properties for Groups When structures have been grouped, display properties can be set for each group. They can be set in the menu displayed by clicking on the Group tab in the Structure window, by right-clicking on the group name, or from the tool button at the top of the list. The properties that can be set are the same as the individual structure display properties.
Structure Display Properties Display properties for the selected structure can be set using the menu displayed by right-clicking on the Structure window or from the tool button at the top of the structure tree. Show
Switches structure display On/Off
Transparent
Switches semitransparent display On/Off (in surface view)
Surface
Switches to surface display (in surface view)
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4 Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain
Displaying Clippings and Sections Display settings for 3D shape clippings and cutting planes (sections) can be set in the Clipping window.
Axial Clipping S/C/H checkboxes S/C/H slider
Free
Switches the clipping’s axial direction Sets the clipping position S/C/H Rev Reverses the clipping checkboxes direction Plane S/C/H Switches the section’s checkboxes axial direction S/C/H sliders, Switches the section’s edit display position Clipping C checkbox Switches clippings S/C/H sliders Sets the clipping position and angle. S signifies the angles around the X axis (red) and H signifies the angles around the Z axis (green) Reverses the clipping C Rev checkbox direction Plane C checkbox Switches sections S/C/H sliders Sets the section position and angle. S signifies the angles around the X axis (red) and H signifies the angles around the Z axis (green)
Using SG-Eye 3D Atlas
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dding Labels, Annotation, A and Markers to Sections
Adds labels, etc., to sagittal sections (X axis sections)
It is possible to add labels, annotations, and markers to clippings of 3D shapes. When clicking on the next button on the Axial page in the Clipping window, a special tool, for example, label settings, is launched.
Adds labels, etc., to coronal sections (Y axis sections) Adds labels, etc., to horizontal sections (Z axis sections)
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4 Operation of Web-Accessible Volume-Rendering Model of the Degu Brain
Labels, etc., are added and edited in the same way as in SG-eye Atlas. Labels, etc., that are added using the tool are also displayed on the 3D models.
Links When image data are contained in the data file, a C/H/S icon is displayed at the top right corner of the SG-eye 3D Atlas main window.
By clicking on the icon, SG-eye Atlas is launched; the same file opens automatically and the images corresponding to the cutting plane position are displayed.
Index of Structures
A A1 noradrenaline cells (A1), 15 A2 noradrenaline cells (A2), 15 A5 noradrenaline cells (A5), 15 Abducens nerve (6n), 19, 85 Abducens nucleus (6N), 14, 87 Accessory nerve nucleus (11N), 15, 103, 105 Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), 10, 27, 29 Accumbens nucleus (Acb), 11 Accumbens nucleus/core (AcbC), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47 Accumbens nucleus/shell (AcbSh), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47 Agranular insular cortex, (AI), 10, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Alveus of the hippocampus (alv), 18, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73 Ambiguus nucleus (Amb), 15, 93, 95, 97 Ambiguus nucleus/compact part (AmbC), 15 Ambiguus nucleus/loose part (AmbL), 15 Amygdala (AMG), 11 Amygdalohippocampal area (AHi), 11, 67 Amygdalohippocampal area/posterolateral part (AHiPL), 61, 63, 65 Amygdalohippocampal area/posteromedial part (AHiM), 61, 63, 65 Amygdalopiriform transition (APir), 61, 63, 65, 67, 71 Angular thalamic nucleus (AngT), 12, 57 Ansoparamedian fissure (ampf), 19, 93, 95, 97 Anterior amygdaloid area (AA), 11, 51, 53 Anterior commissure (ac), 18, 51 Anterior commissure/anterior part (aca), 18, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 Anterior commissure/intrabulbar part (aci), 18, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35 Anterior commissure/posterior limb (acp), 18, 51 Anterior hypothalamic area (AH), 13 Anterior hypothalamic area/central part (AHC), 55 Anterior hypothalamic area/posterior part (AHP), 55, 57 Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus (IntA), 17, 87, 89 Anterior nuclei (ANN), 12 Anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), 10, 27 Anterior olfactory nucleus/dorsal part (AOD), 31, 33, 35 Anterior olfactory nucleus/external part (AOE), 29, 31 Anterior olfactory nucleus/lateral part (AOL), 29, 35
Anterior olfactory nucleus/medial part (AOM), 31, 33 Anterior olfactory nucleus/posterior part (AOP), 37, 39 Anterior olfactory nucleus/ventroposterior part (AOVP), 33, 35, 37, 39 Anterior pretectal nucleus (APT), 13, 67, 69, 71 Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD), 12, 55 Anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AM), 12, 53, 55, 57 Anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV), 12, 53 Antrior cortical amygdaloid nucleus (Aco), 11 Aqueduct (Aq), 19, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc), 13, 55, 57, 59 Area postrema (AP), 19, 97 Ascending fibers of the facial nerve (asc7), 18 Association nuclei (ASN), 12 Auditory cortex/primary area (Au1), 10, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Auditory thalamus (AuT), 12 B BASAL GANGLIA (BG), 11 Basal nucleus (Meynert) (B), 11, 53, 55 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL), 11 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part (BLA), 11, 55, 57, 59 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part (BLP), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventral part (BLV), 11 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (BM), 11 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part (BMA), 11, 55 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part (BMP), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ST), 11 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/lateral division (STL), 11, 49, 51 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division (STM), 11, 49, 51, 53 Brachium of the inferior colliculus (bic), 18, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Brachium of the superior colliculus (bsc), 18, 65, 67, 69, 71 BRAIN STEM (MIDBRAIN+PONS+MEDULLA OBLONGATA) (STEM), 14, 15
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1
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Index of Structures
C C1 adrenaline cells (C1), 15 C2 adrenaline cells (C2), 15 C3 adrenaline cells (C3), 15 Caudal linear nucleus of the raphe (CLi), 15, 73 Caudate putamen (striatum) (CPu), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Caudomedial entorhinal cortex (CEnt), 73, 75, 77, 79 Central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), 11, 59 Central amygdaloid nucleus/capular part (CeC), 11, 55 Central amygdaloid nucleus/lateral part (CeL), 11, 57 Central amygdaloid nucleus/medial part (CeM), 11, 55, 58 Central canal (CC), 19, 99, 101, 103, 105 Central cervical nucleus (CeCv), 15, 97, 101, 103, 105 Central gray (CG), 14, 79, 81, 83 Central medial thalamic nucleus (CM), 12, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC), 14, 75, 77, 79 Centrolateral thalamic nucleus (CL), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Cerebellar cortex (Cb), 17 CEREBELLUM (METENCEPHALON) (CB), 17 Cerebral peduncle (cp), 18, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73 CEREBRUM/CEREBRAL CORTEX (CER), 10 Choroid plexus (chp), 53, 55, 59, 61, 63, 65, 91, 93 Cingulate cortex (Cg), 10, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Cingulum (cg), 18, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 65, 67 CIRCUMVENTRICULAR ORGAN (CvO), 19 Claustrum (Cl), 11, 37, 39, 41 Cochlear nuclei (C), 14, 53 Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8cn), 19, 83, 85, 91 Commissural nucleus of the inferior colliculus (Com), 14 Commissure of the inferior colliculus (cic), 18, 77 Commissure of the superior colliculus (csc), 18, 67 Conterminal nucleus (Ct), 15 Copula of the pyramis (Cop), 17, 93, 95, 97 Corpus callosum (cc), 18, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 93 Cortex-amygdala transition zone, layer 1 (CxA1), 51, 53 Cortical amygdaloid group (corticomedial group) (CoAG), 11 Cortical amygdaloid nucleus (Co), 11 Cortical areas (CorA), 10 CRANIAL NERVE (CN), 19 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule (Crus1), 17, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Crus2 of the ansiform lobule (Crus2), 17, 91, 95, 97 Cuneate fasciculus (cu), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Cuneate nucleus (Cu), 15, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103 Cuneinform nucleus (CnF), 14
Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus (DpG), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Deep white layer of the superior colliculus (DpWh), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Dentate gyrus (DG), 10 DIENCEPHALON (DIEN), 12, 13 Dorsal cochlear nucleus (DC), 14, 17 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/deep core (DCDp), 14, 87, 89, 91 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer (DCFu), 14, 87, 89, 97 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer (DCMo), 14, 87, 89, 91 Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (DCIC), 14, 77, 79 Dorsal corticospinal tract (dcs), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Dorsal endopiriform nucleus (DEn), 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Dorsal hypothalamic area (DA), 59 Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), 12, 61, 63, 65, 67 Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (10N), 15, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101 Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DLL), 14, 77, 79 Dorsal olfactory tract (dlo), 27, 29 Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus (DPGi), 87, 89, 91 Dorsal part of claustrum (DCl), 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 Dorsal peduncular cortex (DP), 36, 39, 41, 43, 45 Dorsal periolivary region (DPO), 15 Dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), 14 Dorsal raphe nucleus/caudal part (DRC), 14, 15, 79, 81 Dorsal raphe nucleus/dorsal part (DRD), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal raphe nucleus/lateral part (DRL), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal raphe nucleus/ventral part (DRV), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (dsc), 18, 101, 103, 105 Dorsal subiculum (DS), 10, 67, 71 Dorsal tegmental decussation (dtgx), 18 Dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTg), 79 Dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTgm), 15 Dorsal tegmental nucleus/central part (DTgC), 15 Dorsal tegmental nucleus/medial part (DTgm), 15 Dorsal tegmental nucleus/pericentral part (DTgP), 15 Dorsal tenia tecta (DTT 1-2), 41, 43 Dorsal transition zone (DTr), 37, 39 Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex (DLEnt), 65, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM), 13, 59 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/compact part (DMC), 13 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/dorsal part (DMD), 13 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus (DMSp5), 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Dorsomedial tegmental area (DMTg), 15, 79, 81 Dosal acoustic atria (das), 18 Dysgranular insular cortex (DI), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59
D Decussation of the medial lemniscus (mlx), 18, 99 Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle (scpx), 18 Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dc), 17
E Ectorhinal cortex (Ect), 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), 14, 71
Index of Structures Endopiriform nucleus, 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53-59, 61, 63, 65 Entorhinal cortex (Ent), 10, 65, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Ependyma & subependymal layer (E), 10, 37, 43, 4343 Ependyma & subependymal layer/lateral ventricle (E/LV), 37, 41 Ependyma & subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle (E/OV), 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 Epifacicular nucleus (EF), 15 EPITHALAMUS (EPI), 12 Extended amygdala (EXA), 11, 53, 55 External capsule (ec), 18, 45, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 External cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC), 14, 73, 75, 77, 79 External cuneate nucleus (ECu), 15, 93, 95, 97 External globus pallidus (globus pallidus) (EGP), 11 External medullary lamina (eml), 18 External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (EPlA), 10, 27, 29, 31 External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb (EPl), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 F Facial nerve (7n), 19, 85, 87 Facial nucleus (7N), 14, 87, 89, 91 Faciola cinereum (FC), 10, 61, 63 Fasciculus retroflexus (fr), 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Fiber bundle (FB), 18 Field CA1 of the hippocampus (CA1), 10, 57, 59, 65, 67, 69, 71 Field CA2 of the hippocampus (CA2), 10, 57, 59, 63, 65 Field CA3 of the hippocampus (CA3), 55–57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Flocculus (Fl), 81, 83, 85, 87 Forceps major of the corpus callosum (Fmj), 71 Forceps minor of the corpus callosum (Fmi), 35, 37, 39 Forebrain (Telencephalon and diencephalon) (FORE), 10–13 Fornix (F), 53, 55, 61, 63 Fourth ventricle (4V), 19, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93 Frontal associational cortex (FrA), 27, 29, 31 G Genu of the corpus callosum (gcc), 18, 41 Genu of the facial nerve (g7), 18, 85, 87 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi), 16, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/alpha part (GiA), 89 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/ventral part (GiV), 93, 95 Globus pallidus (GP), 11, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (GlA), 10, 27, 29 Glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (Gl), 10 Gracile fasciculus (gr), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Gracile nucleus (Gr), 15, 97, 99, 101, 103
131 Granular insular cortex (GI), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59 Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (GrA), 10, 25, 27, 29 Granule cell layer of the cochlear nuclei (GrC), 14, 83, 85 Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GrDG), 10, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (GrO), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 H Habenular commissure (hbc), 18 Habenular nucleus (Hb), 12, 61, 63 Hippocampal fissure (hif), 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Hippocampal formation (HipF), 10 Hippocampus (Hip), 3, 49, 51, 53–67, 69, 71, 73 Hypoglossal nerve (12n), 19 Hypoglossal nucleus (12N), 95, 97, 99 Hypothalamus (HYPO), 13, 54–57, 59, 61, 63, 65 I Indusium griseum (IG), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) (icp), 18, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93, 95 Inferior colliculus (IC), 73, 75, 77, 79, 81 Inferior olive (IO), 15 Inferior olive/beta subnucleus of the medial nucleus (IOBe), 16 Inferior olive/cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus (IOK), 16 Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus (IOD), 16, 93, 95, 97 Inferior olive/dorsomedial cell group (IODM), 16 Inferior olive/medial nucleus (IOM), 16, 93, 95, 97, 99 Inferior olive/principal nucleus (IOPr), 16, 93, 95 Inferior olive/subnucleus A of medial nucleus (IOA), 16 Inferior olive/subnucleus B of medial nucleus (IOB), 16 Inferior olive/subnucleus C of medial nucleus (IOC), 16 Inferior olive/ventrolateral prorusion (IOVL), 16 Inferior salivatory nucleus (IS), 16, 59 Infralimbic cortex (IL), 37, 39, 41 Interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus (IAD), 12 Interanteromedial thalamic nucleus (IAM), 12, 55 Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala (I), 11 Intercalated nucleus of the medulla (In), 15 Intercrural fissure (icf), 19, 91, 93, 95 Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus (InG), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73 Intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (ILL), 14, 77 Intermediate interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (II), 83 Intermediate reticular nucleus (IRt), 16, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus (InWh), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus (IMD), 12, 57, 59 Internal capsule (ic), 18, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 65 Internal globus pallidus (ento-/ intrapeduncular nucleus) (IGP), 11
132 Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb (IPl), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 Interpeduncular nucleus (IP), 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/caudal subnucleus (IPC), 14, 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/intermediate subnucleus (IPI), 14, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/lateral subnucleus (IPL), 14, 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/rostrall subnucleus (IPR), 14, 71, 73 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (InC), 14, 67, 69 Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), 11, 49, 51, 53 Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lateral part (IPACL), 11, 51 Interstitial nucleus of the vestibular part of the 8th nerve (I8), 15 Interventricular foramen (IVF), 19 Islands of Calleja (ICj), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 Islands of Calleja/major island (ICjM), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 K Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KF), 16, 81, 83 L Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus (LMol), 10, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Lamina terminalis (Lter), 13, 19, 49 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus (La), 11 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part (LaDL), 11, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventrolateral part (LaVL), 11, 57, 59 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part (LaVM), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63 Lateral (dentate) derebellar nucleus (Lat), 16, 87, 89 Lateral habenular nucleus (LHb), 12, 59, 61, 63 Lateral hypothalamic area (LH), 13 Lateral lemniscus (ll), 14, 15, 18, 75, 77, 79, 81 Lateral mammillary nucleus (LM), 13, 55, 65 Lateral nuclei (LTN), 12 Lateral olfactory tract (lo), 18, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Lateral orbital cortex (LO), 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 Lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), 14, 79, 81 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi), 16, 87, 91, 93, 95 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (LP), 12, 65, 69 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/lateral part (LPL), 61, 63 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/medial part (LPM), 61, 63, 65 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/mediorostral part (LPMR), 65 Lateral preoptic area (LPO), 13, 49, 51, 53, 85, 87
Index of Structures Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle (LR4V), 19, 87, 89, 91, 93 Lateral reticular nucleus (LRt), 16, 97, 99 Lateral reticular nucleus/parvicellular part (LRtPC), 16, 97, 99 Lateral septal nucleus (LS), 11 Lateral septal nucleus/dorsal part (LSD), 11, 45, 47, 49, 51 Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part (LSI), 11, 43, 45, 47, 49 Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part (LSV), 11, 45, 47, 49, 51 Lateral stripe of the striatum (LSS), 47, 49 Lateral superior olive (LSO), 15, 85, 87 Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract (LT), 16 Lateral ventricle (LV), 19, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73 Lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), 16, 87, 89 Latero-basal nuclear complex (bassolateral group) (Lbn), 11 Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), 14, 79, 81 Laterodorsal/lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus (LD), 12, 57, 59 Lateroventral periolivary nucleus (LVPO), 15, 83 Linear nucleus of the medulla (Li), 16, lfp Lithoid nucleus (Lth), 65 Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula) (1Cb), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87 Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis (2Cb), 17, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87 Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis (3Cb), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis (4Cb), 17, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis (5Cb), 17, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis (6Cb), 17, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis (7Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97 Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis (8Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97, 99 Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula) (9Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103 Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule) (10Cb), 17, 91, 93, 95, 97 Locus coeruleus (LC), 14, 83, 85 Longitudinal fasciculs of the pons (lfp), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81 M Magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure (MCPC), 13, 65, 69 Magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), 49, 51, 53 Mamillary peduncle (mp), 18 Mamillary recess of the 3rd ventricle (MRe), 19 Mammillary body (MB), 13 Mammillotegmental tract (mtg), 65, 67 Mammillothalamic tract (mt), 55, 57, 61, 63 Matrix region of the medulla (Mx), 16, 95, 99 Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus (MA3), 69 Medial amygdaloid nucleus (Me), 11
Index of Structures Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterodorsal part (MeAD), 55 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral part (MeAV), 55 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posterodorsal part (MePD), 57, 59 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posteroventral part (MePV), 57, 59 Medial (fastigal) cerebellar nucleus (Med), 16 Medial entorhinal cortex (MEnt), 71, 73, 75, 77 Medial geniculate nucleus (MG), 12 Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part (MGD), 12, 65, 67, 69, 71 Medial geniculate nucleus/medial part (MGM), 12, 69, 71 Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part (MGV), 12, 65, 67, 69, 71 Medial habenular nucleus (MHb), 12, 59, 61, 63 Medial lemniscus (ml), 18, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99 Medial longitudinal faciculcus (mlf), 18 Medial mamillary nucleus/lateral part (ML), 13 Medial mamillary nucleus/medial part (MM), 13 Medial mamillary nucleus/median part (MnM), 13 Medial orbital cortex (MO), 31, 33, 35 Medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB), 14, 79, 81, 83, 85 Medial parabrachial nucleus/external part (MPBE), 83 Medial preoptic area (MPA), 13, 51, 53 Medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), 13, 51, 53, 85, 87 Medial preoptic nucleus/central part (MPOC), 53 Medial pretectal nucleus (MPT), 13, 65 Medial septal nucleus (MS), 11, 45, 47, 49 Medial superior olive (MSO), 15, 83, 85, 87 Medial tuberal nucleus (MTu), 13 Medial vestibular nucleus (MVe), 16, 91, 93, 95 Medial vestibular nucleus/magnocellular part (MVeMC), 16, 85, 87, 89 Medial vestibular nucleus/parvicellular part (MVePC), 16, 87, 89 Median accessory nucleus of the medulla (MnA), 16, 65 Median eminence (ME), 19, 57, 59 Median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), 13, 49, 51 Median raphe nucleus (MnR), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part (MDL), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part (MDM), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Medioventral periolivary nucleus (MVPO), 15, 81, 83 MEDULLA OBLONGATA (MYELENCEPHALON) (MED), 15–16 Medullary reticular nucleus (MeRt) (MRt), 16 Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part (MdD), 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part (MdV), 97, 99, 101, 105 Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), 14, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (me5), 18, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83
133 MIDBRAIN (MESENCEPHALON) (MID), 14, 15 Middle cerebellar peduncle (mcp), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85 Midline and intralaminar nuclei (MIN), 12 Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (MiA), 10, 27, 29, 31 Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Mi), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (MoDG), 10, 55, 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Motor cortex/primary area (M1), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 Motor root of the trigeminal nerve (m5), 14, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85 Motor thalamus (MTT), 12 Motor trigeminal nucleus (5N), 14 N Navicular nucleus of the basal forebrain (Nv), 10, 43 Nucleus of Darkschewitsch (Dk), 14, 67, 69 Nucleus of Roller (Ro), 16, 95 Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), 11, 49, 53 Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 1-3 (LOT 1-3), 53 Nucleus of the lateral olfactry tract (LOT), 11 Nucleus of the optic tract (OT), 13, 65 Nucleus of the posterior commissure (PCom), 13, 14, 65, 67, 69 Nucleus of the solitary tract (Sol), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/central part (SolCe), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/commissural part (SolC), 16, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsolateral part (SolDL), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsomedial part (SolDM), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/gelatinous part (SolG), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/intermediate part (SolIM), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/interstitial part (SolI), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part (SolL), 16, 95, 97, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part (SolM), 16, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101 Nucleus of the solitary tract/rostrolateral part (SolRL), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part (SolV), 16, 93, 95, 97, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventrolateral part (SolVL), 16, 93 Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (Sp5MED), 16 Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (SP5PONS), 14 Nucleus of the stria medullaris (SM), 13 Nucleus of the trapezoid body (Tz), 14, 81, 83, 85, 87 Nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band (VDB), 11, 45, 47 Nucleus X (X), 16, 91 Nucleus Y of the vestibular complex (Y), 17, 89 Nuclus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIC), 14
134 O Occulomotor nerve (3n), 19 Oculomotor nucleus (3N), 14, 69, 71 Oculomotor nucleus/parvicellular part (3PC), 14, 73 Olfactory bulb (OB), 10 OLFACTORY BULB (OLB), 10 Olfactory cortex (OlfC), 10 Olfactory nerve (olf), 23, 25 Olfactory nerve layer (ON), 10 Olfactory ventricle (olfactory part of lateral ventricle) (OV), 19 Olfactry tubercle (Tu), 10 Olivary pretectal nucleus (OPT), 13 Optic chiasm (och), 18, 49, 51, 53 Optic tract (opt), 13, 18, 36 Orbital cortex (Orb), 10, 31, 33 Oriens layer of the hippocampus (Or), 10, 57 Oval paracentral thalamic nucleus (OPC), 12 P Parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), 14, 75 Paracentral thalamic nucleus (PC), 12, 55, 59, 65 Parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PaF), 12 Parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF), 61, 63 Parafloccular sulcus (pfs), 19, 87, 89, 91 Paraflocculus (PFl), 17, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Paramedian lobule (PM), 17, 93, 97 Paramedian raphe nucleus (PMnR), 15 Paramedian reticular nucleus (PMn), 16, 97 Parasolitary nucleus (PSol), 16 Parasubiculum (PaS), 10, 73, 75, 77, 79 Parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTh), 12, 60, 62 Paratenial thalamic nucleus (PT), 12, 53, 55 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa), 13, 53, 55, 57 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus/anterior parvicellular part (PaAP), 53 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus/dorsal cap (PaDC), 13, 53, 55, 57 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), 12, 58 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/anterior part (PVA), 12, 53, 55, 56 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/posterior part (PVP), 12, 60, 62 Parvicellular reticular nucleus (PCRt), 16, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus (PLH), 55, 59, 61, 63, 65 Periaqueductal gray (PAG), 14, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Perirhinal corex (PRh), 61, 63, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pe), 13, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Pineal gland (Pi), 19 Piriform cortex (Pir), 10 Piriform cortex/layer 1 (Pir1), 10 Piriform cortex/layer 2 (Pir 2), 10 Piriform cortex/layer 3 (Pir 3), 10 Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus (PoDG), 10, 56, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 71
Index of Structures PONS (METENCEPHALON) (PONS), 14, 15 Pontine nuclei (Pn), 14, 75, 77 Pontine reticular nucleus/caudal part (PnC), 15, 83, 85 Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part (PnO), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Pontine reticular nucleus/ventral part (PnV), 15 Posterior commissure (pc), 18, 65, 67, 69 Posterior hypothalamic area (PHA), 13, 65 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH), 13, 61, 63 Posterior interposed cerebellar nucleus (IntP), 17, 91 Posterior pretectal nucleus (PPT), 13, 69 Posterior superior fissure (psf), 19, 81, 85, 87, 89, 93, 95 Posterior thalamic nuclear group (Po), 12, 59, 61, 63, 67 Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Posterolateral fissure (plf), 19, 85, 87, 93, 95 Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PMCo), 11, 56, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Posteromedial thalamic nucleus (PoMn), 61, 63 Postsubiculum (Post), 10, 71, 73, 75, 77 Precommissural nucleus (PrC), 65–66 Preculminate fissure (pcuf), 19, 81, 83, 85, 87 Pre-Edinger-Westphal nucleus (PrEW), 69 Prelimbic cortex (PrL), 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 Premamillary nucleus (PrM), 13 Premammillary nucleus, dorsal part (PMD), 61, 63 Premammillary nucleus, ventral part (PMV), 61, 63 Preoptic area (PO), 13 Prepositus nucleus (Pr), 16, 85, 87, 91, 93 Prepyramidal fissure (ppf), 19, 93, 95 PRETECTUM (Pt), 13 Primary fissure (prf), 19, 81, 85, 87, 89 Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Pr5), 14, 83, 85 Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus (Py), 10, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71 Pyramidal decussation (pyx), 18, 99, 101, 103, 105 Pyramidal tract (py), 18, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 97, 99 R Radiatum layer of the hippocampus (Rad), 10, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71 Raphe interpositus (RIP) nucleus, 15, 85, 87 Raphe magnus (RMg) nucleus, 15, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 Raphe nuclei (RaMEDRaMIDRaPONS), 14–16 Raphe obscurus nucleus (ROb), 16, 93, 95 Raphe pallidus nucleus (RPa), 16, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Red nucleus (R), 14, 69, 71 Red nucleus/magnocellular part (RMC), 14, 69, 71 Red nucleus/parvicellular part (RPC), 14, 69, 71 Reticular formation (RtMED/RtMID/RtPONS), 14–16 Reticular thalamic nucleus (Rt), 12, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons (RtTg), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83 Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons/lateral part (RtTgL), 15 Retroambiguus nucleus (RAmb), 16, 99 Retrochiasmatic area (RCh), 55 Retroisthmic nucleus (RIs), 15 Retrolemniscal nucleus (RL), 15 Retroparafacicular nucleus (RPF), 64
Index of Structures Retroreuniens area (RRe), 12, 60, 62 Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex (RSD), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Retrosplenial granular cortex (RSG), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Reuniens thalamic nucleus (Re), 12, 53, 55, 56, 58 Rhabdoid nucleus (Rbd), 15 Rhinal fissure (rf), 19, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 58, 60, 62, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Rhinal incisures (ri), 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 Rhomboid thalamic nucleus (Rh), 12, 54, 60 Rostral linear nucleusof the raphe (RLi), 14, 67, 71 Rostrum of the corpus callosum (rcc), 18 Rubrospinal tract (rs), 18, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 S Sagulum nucleus (Sag), 15, 79 Sensory/motor root of the trigeminal nerve (s5/m5), 73, 75, 77 Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve (s5), 18, 79, 81, 83 Septofimbrial nucleus (SFi), 11, 49, 51, 53 Septohippocampal nucleus (SHi), 11 Septohypothalamic nucleus (SHy), 49, 51, 53 SEPTUM (SEP), 11 Simple lobule (Sim), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Simplex fissure (simf), 19, 89 Solitary tract (sol), 18 Somatosensory cortex/primary area (S1), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 Somatosensory thalamus (SST), 12 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part (Sp5C), 16, 97, 99, 101, 105 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part (Sp5I), 16, 93, 95, 97 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/oral part (Sp5O), 16, 89, 91 Spinal trigeminal tract (sp5), 18, 83, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105 Spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe), 16, 89, 91, 93, 95 Splenium of the corpus callosum (scc), 18 Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus (SLu), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69 Stria medullaris of the thalamus (sm), 18, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 Stria terminalis (st), 18, 51, 53, 56, 58 Striatum (St), 11 Subcoeruleus nucleus (SubC), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/alpha part (SubCA), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/dorsal part (SubCD), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/ventral part (SubCV), 15 Subcommissural organ (SCO), 19, 64, 67 Subfornical organ (SFO), 19, 53 Subiculum (S), 10 Sublenticular extended amygdala (EA), 11, 55 Subparafiscicular thalamic nucleus (SPF), 12, 60, 62 Subpeduncular tegmental nucleus (SPTg), 15 Subpostrema area (SubP), 16 Substantia innominata (SI), 11
135 Substantia innominata/basal part (SIB), 11, 49, 51, 53 Substantia innominata/dorsal part (SID), 11 Substantia nigra (SN), 11 Substantia nigra (SNMID), 14 Substantia nigra/compact part (SNC), 11, 66, 69, 71, 73 Substantia nigra/compact part/dorsal tier (SNCD), 11 Substantia nigra/compact part/medial tier (SNCM), 11 Substantia nigra/compact part/ventral tier (SNCV), 11 Substantia nigra/lateral part (SNL), 11, 66, 69, 71 Substantia nigra/reticular part (SNR), 11, 66, 69, 71, 73 Subthalamic nucleus (STh), 11, 60, 62, 64 SULCUS (SUL), 19 Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculcus (SuG), 14, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75 Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) (scp), 18, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87 Superior colliculus (SC), 14 Superior medullary velum (SMV), 89 Superior olive (SOl), 15 Superior paraolivary nucleus (SPO), 15 Superior salivatory nucleus (SuS), 16, 87 Superior vestibular nucleus (SuVe), 16, 85, 87 Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh), 13 Suprachiasmatic nucleus/dorsolateral part (SChDL), 13, 53 Suprachiasmatic nucleus/ventromedial part (SChVM), 13, 53 Suprageniculate thalamic nucleus (SG), 12, 69, 71 Supramammillary nucleus, lateral part (SuML), 64 Supramammillary nucleus, medial part (SuMM), 64, 67 Supraoculomotor cap (Su3C), 14 Supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray (Su3), 14, 71, 73 Supraoptic nucleus (SO), 13, 49, 51, 53, 54 Supratrigeminal nucleus (Su5), 15, 81 SURFACE (GH), 2–4, 21, 124, 125 Susbtantia innominata/ventral part (SIV), 11 T Tectospinal tract (ts), 18, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105 TELENCEPHALON (TEL), 10–13 Tenia tecta (TT), 10, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 Terete hypothalamic nucleus (Te), 13 THALAMUS (THAL), 12 Third ventricle (3V), 19, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Transverse fibers of the pons (tfp), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81 Trapezoid body (tz), 14, 18, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Triangular nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Tr), 15 Triangular septal nucleus (TS), 11, 51, 53 Trigeminal nerve (5n), 19 Trigeminal transition zone (5Tr), 85 Trochlear nerve (4n), 19, 75, 77, 81 Trochlear nucleus (4N), 14, 75 U Uncinate fasciculus of the cerebellum (un), 18, 85
136 V Vagus nerve (10n), 19 Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (VOLT), 19, 49 Ventoromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), 13, 54, 56, 58 Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VA), 12, 54, 56 Ventral cochlear nucleus (VC), 14 Ventral cochlear nucleus/anterior part (VCA), 14, 83, 85 Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part (VCP), 14, 87, 89, 91 Ventral endopiriform nucleus (VEn), 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58 Ventral geniculate nucleus (VG), 60, 62, 64 Ventral hippocampal commissure (vhc), 18, 53 Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VLL), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Ventral orbital cortex (VO), 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 Ventral pallidum (VP), 11, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Ventral part of claustrum (VCl), 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56 Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus/parvicellular part (VPPC), 60, 62 Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), 12, 56, 58, 60, 62 Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM), 12, 58, 60, 62 Ventral spinocerebellar tract (vsc), 18, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Ventral subiculum (VS), 10, 66, 69, 71 Ventral tegmental area (VTA), 14, 66 Ventral tegmental decussation (vtgx), 18 Ventral tegmental nucleus (VTg), 15, 77 Ventral tenia tecta, layer 1-2 (VTT 1-2), 33, 35 Ventral thalamus (VNT), 12
Index of Structures Ventral tuberomamillary nucleus (VTM), 13 VENTRICLE (V), 4, 5, 19 Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), 13 Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), 12, 54, 56, 58 Ventromedial preoptic nucleus (VMPO), 13 Ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VM), 12, 56, 58 Vestibular nuclei (VeMED), 16 Vestibular nuclei (VePONS), 15 Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8vn), 19, 83, 85, 87 Vestibulocerebellar nucleus (VeCb), 17, 87, 89 Vestibulocochlear nerve (8n), 19 Visual cortex/primary area (V1), 10, 64, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Visual thalamus (VST), 12 W WHOLE BRAIN (WHOLE), 3, 10–16 X Xiphoid thalamic nucleus (Xi), 12, 56, 58 Z Zona incerta (ZI), 12, 56, 60–62 Zona incerta/caudal part (ZIC), 12 Zona incerta/dorsal part (ZID), 12, 60, 62 Zona incerta/rostral part (ZIR), 12, 56 Zona incerta/ventral part (ZIV), 12, 60, 62 Zonal layer of the superior colliculus (Zo), 14, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75
Index of Abbreviations
A A1 noradrenaline cells (A1), 15 A2 noradrenaline cells (A2), 15 A5 noradrenaline cells (A5), 15 6n (Abducens nerve), 19, 85 Abducens nerve (6n), 19, 85 Abducens nucleus (6N), 14, 87 Accessory nerve nucleus (11N), 15, 103, 105 Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), 10 Accumbens nucleus (Acb), 11 Accumbens nucleus/core (AcbC), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47 Accumbens nucleus/shell (AcbSh), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47 Agranular insular cortex (AI), 10, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Alveus of the hippocampus (alv), 18, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73 Ambiguus nucleus (Amb), 15, 93, 95, 97 Ambiguus nucleus/compact part (AmbC), 15 Ambiguus nucleus/loose part (AmbL), 15 Amygdala (AMG), 11 Amygdalohippocampal area (AHi), 11, 67, 69 Amygdalohippocampal area/posterolateral part (AHiPL), 61, 63, 65 Amygdalohippocampal area/posteromedial part (AHiM), 61, 63, 65 Amygdalopiriform transition (APir), 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Angular thalamic nucleus (AngT), 57 Ansoparamedian fissure (ampf), 19, 93, 95, 97 Anterior amygdaloid area (AA), 11, 51, 53 Anterior commissure (ac), 18, 51 Anterior commissure/anterior part (aca), 18, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 Anterior commissure/intrabulbar part (aci), 18, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35 Anterior commissure/posterior limb (acp), 18, 51 Anterior hypothalamic area (AH), 13 Anterior hypothalamic area/central part (AHC), 55 Anterior hypothalamic area/posterior part (AHP), 55, 57 Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus (IntA), 17, 87, 89 Anterior nuclei (ANN), 12 Anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), 10 Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part (AOD), 31, 33, 35 Anterior olfactory nucleus, external part (AOE), 29, 31 Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part (AOL), 29, 31, 33, 35
Anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part (AOM), 31, 33 Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part (AOP), 37, 39 Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventroposterior part (AOVP), 33, 35, 37, 39 Anterior pretectal nucleus (APT), 13, 67, 69, 71 Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD), 12, 55 Anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AM), 12, 53, 55, 57 Anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV), 12, 53 Antrior cortical amygdaloid nucleus (Aco), 11, 55 Aqueduct (Aq), 19, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc), 13, 55, 57, 59 Area postrema (AP), 19, 97 Ascending fibers of the facial nerve (asc7), 18 Association nuclei (ASN), 12 Auditory cortex/primary area (Au1), 10, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Auditory thalamus (AuT), 12 B BASAL GANGLIA (BG), 11 Basal nucleus (Meynert) (B), 53, 55 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL), 11 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part (BLA), 11, 55, 57, 59 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part (BLP), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventral part (BLV), 11 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (BM), 11 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/anterior part (BMA), 11, 55 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus/posterior part (BMP), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ST), 11 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/lateral division (STL), 11, 49, 51 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial division (STM), 11, 49, 51, 53 Brachium of the inferior colliculus (bic), 18, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Brachium of the superior colliculus (bsc), 18, 65, 67, 69, 71 BRAIN STEM (MIDBRAIN+PONS+MEDULLA OBLONGATA) (STEM), 14, 15
© Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018 N. Kumazawa-Manita et al., The 3D Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Degu, Brain Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56615-1
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138 C C1 adrenaline cells (C1), 15 C2 adrenaline cells (C2), 15 C3 adrenaline cells (C3), 15 Caudal linear nucleus of the raphe (CLi), 15, 73 Caudate putamen (striatum) (CPu), 11, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Caudomedial entorhinal cortex (CEnt), 73, 75, 77, 79 Central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), 11, 57, 59 Central amygdaloid nucleus/capular part (CeC), 11, 55 Central amygdaloid nucleus/lateral part (CeL), 11, 57 Central amygdaloid nucleus/medial part (CeM), 11, 55, 57 Central canal (CC), 19, 99, 101, 103, 105 Central cervical nucleus (CeCv), 15, 97, 101, 103, 105 Central gray (CG), 14, 79, 81, 83 Central medial thalamic nucleus (CM), 12, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC), 14, 75, 77, 79 Centrolateral thalamic nucleus (CL), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Cerebellar cortex (Cb), 17 CEREBELLUM (METENCEPHALON) (CB), 17 Cerebral peduncle (cp), 18, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73 CEREBRUM/CEREBRAL CORTEX (CER), 10 Choroid plexus (chp), 53, 55, 59, 61, 63, 65, 91, 93 Cingulate cortex (Cg), 10, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51 Cingulum (cg), 18, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 65, 67 CIRCUMVENTRICULAR ORGAN (CvO), 19 Claustrum (Cl), 11, 37, 39, 41 Cochlear nuclei (C), 14, 53 Cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8cn), 19, 83, 85, 91 Commissural nucleus of the inferior colliculus (Com), 14 Commissure of the inferior colliculus (cic), 18, 77 Commissure of the superior colliculus (csc), 18, 67 Conterminal nucleus (Ct), 15 Copula of the pyramis (Cop), 17, 93, 95, 97 Corpus callosum (cc), 18, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 97 Cortex-amygdala transition zone, layer 1 (CxA1), 51, 53 Cortical amygdaloid group (corticomedial group) (CoAG), 11 Cortical amygdaloid nucleus (Co), 11 Cortical areas (CorA), 10 CRANIAL NERVE (CN), 19 Crus1 of the ansiform lobule (Crus1), 17, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Crus2 of the ansiform lobule (Crus2), 17, 91, 95, 97 Cuneate fasciculus (cu), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Cuneate nucleus (Cu), 15, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103 Cuneinform nucleus (CnF), 14, 75, 77, 79 D Decussation of the medial lemniscus (mlx), 18, 99 Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle (scpx), 18 Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dc), 17 Deep gray layer of the superior colliculus (DpG), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75
Index of Abbreviations Deep white layer of the superior colliculus (DpWh), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Dentate gyrus (DG), 10 DIENCEPHALON (DIEN), 12, 13 Dorsal cochlear nucleus (DC), 14 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/deep core (DCDp), 14, 87, 89, 91 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/fusiform layer (DCFu), 14, 87, 89, 91 Dorsal cochlear nucleus/molecular layer (DCMo), 14, 87, 89, 91 Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (DCIC), 14, 77, 79 Dorsal corticospinal tract (dcs), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Dorsal endopiriform nucleus (DEn), 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Dorsal hypothalamic area (DA), 59 Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), 12, 61, 63, 65, 67 Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (10N), 15, 93, 95, 97, 101 Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DLL), 14, 77, 79 Dorsal olfactory tract (dlo), 27, 29 Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus (DPGi), 87, 89, 91 Dorsal part of claustrum (DCl), 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 Dorsal peduncular cortex (DP), 37, 39, 41, 43, 45 Dorsal periolivary region (DPO), 15 Dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), 14 Dorsal raphe nucleus/caudal part (DRC), 14, 15, 79, 81 Dorsal raphe nucleus/dorsal part (DRD), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal raphe nucleus/lateral part (DRL), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal raphe nucleus/ventral part (DRV), 14, 75, 77 Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (dsc), 18, 101, 103, 105 Dorsal subiculum (DS), 10, 67, 71 Dorsal tegmental decussation (dtgx), 18 Dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTg), 79 Dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTgm), 15 Dorsal tegmental nucleus/central part (DTgC), 15 Dorsal tegmental nucleus/pericentral part (DTgP), 14, 15 Dorsal tenia tecta (DTT 1-2), 41, 43 Dorsal transition zone (DTr), 37, 39 Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex (DLEnt), 65, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM), 13, 59 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/compact part (DMC), 13 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/dorsal part (DMD), 13 Dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus (DMSp5), 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Dorsomedial tegmental area (DMTg), 15, 79, 81 Dosal acoustic atria (das), 18, 89, 91 Dysgranular insular cortex (DI), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59 E Ectorhinal cortex (Ect), 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), 14, 71 Endopiriform nucleus, 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53-59, 61, 63, 65 Entorhinal cortex (Ent), 10
Index of Abbreviations
139
Ependyma & subependymal layer (E), 10, 43, 45 Ependyma & subependymal layer/lateral ventricle (E/LV), 41 Ependyma & subependymal layer/olfactory ventricle (E/ OV), 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 Epifacicular nucleus (EF), 15 EPITHALAMUS (EPI), 12 Extended amygdala (EXA), 11 External capsule (ec), 18, 45, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 External cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC), 14, 73, 75, 77, 79 External cuneate nucleus (ECu), 15, 93, 95, 97 External globus pallidus (globus pallidus) (EGP), 11 External medullary lamina (eml), 18 External plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (EPlA), 10, 27, 29, 31 External plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb (EPl), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31
Granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (GrA), 10, 25, 27, 29 Granule cell layer of the cochlear nuclei (GrC), 14, 83, 85 Granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GrDG), 10, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (GrO), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31
F Facial nerve (7n), 19, 85 Facial nucleus (7N), 14, 87, 89, 91 Faciola cinereum (FC), 10, 61, 63 Fasciculus retroflexus (fr), 18, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 FIBER BUNDLE (FB), 18 Field CA1 of the hippocampus (CA1), 10, 57, 59, 65, 67, 69, 71 Field CA2 of the hippocampus (CA2), 10, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Field CA3 of the hippocampus (CA3), 10, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), 18, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Flocculus (Fl), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87 Forceps major of the corpus callosum (fmj), 18, 71 Forceps minor of the corpus callosum (fmi), 18, 35, 37, 39 FOREBRAIN (TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON) (FORE), 10–13 Fornix (f), 18, 55, 57, 61, 63 Fourth ventricle (4V), 19, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93 Frontal associational cortex (FrA), 27, 29, 31
I Indusium griseum (IG), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) (ICP), 18, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Inferior colliculus (IC), 14, 18, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81 Inferior olive (IO), 15, 93, 95, 97, 99 Inferior olive/beta subnucleus of the medial nucleus (IOBe), 16 Inferior olive/cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus (IOK), 16 Inferior olive/dorsal nucleus (IOD), 16, 93, 95, 97 Inferior olive/dorsomedial cell group (IODM), 16 Inferior olive/medial nucleus (IOM), 16, 93, 95, 97, 99 Inferior olive/principal nucleus (IOPr), 16, 93, 95 Inferior olive/subnucleus A of medial nucleus (IOA), 16 Inferior olive/subnucleus B of medial nucleusInferior olive/subnucleus B of medial nucleus (IOB), 16 Inferior olive/subnucleus C of medial nucleus (IOC), 16 Inferior olive/ventrolateral prorusion (IOVL), 16 Inferior salivatory nucleus (IS), 16, 89 Infralimbic cortex (IL), 37, 39, 41 Interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus (IAD), 12 Interanteromedial thalamic nucleus (IAM), 12, 55 Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala, 11 Intercalated nucleus of the medulla (In), 15 Intercrural fissure (ICF), 19, 91, 93, 95 Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus (InG), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73 Intermediate interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (II), 83 Intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (ILL), 14, 77, 79 Intermediate reticular nucleus (IRt), 16, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus (InWh), 14, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus (IMD), 12, 57, 59 Internal capsule (IC), 18, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59, 61, 63, 65 Internal globus pallidus (ento-/or intrapeduncular nucleus) (IGP), 11
G Genu of the corpus callosum (gcc), 18, 41 Genu of the facial nerve (g7), 18, 85, 87 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi), 16, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/alpha part (GiA), 89 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus/ventral part (GiV), 93, 95 Globus pallidus (GP), 11, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (GlA), 10, 27, 29 Glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (Gl), 10 Gracile fasciculus (gr), 18, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Gracile nucleus (Gr), 15, 97, 99, 101, 103 Granular insular cortex (GI), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59
H Habenular commissure (hbc), 18 Habenular nucleus (Hb), 12, 59, 61, 63 Hippocampal fissure (hif), 19, 57, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Hippocampal formation (HipF), 10 Hippocampus (Hip), 3, 10, 18 Hypoglossal nerve (12n), 19 Hypoglossal nucleus (12N), 15, 95, 97, 99 HYPOTHALAMUS (HYPO), 13, 54–56, 59, 61, 63, 65
140 Internal medullary lamina (IML), 18 Internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb (IPl), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 Interpeduncular nucleus (IP), 14, 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/caudal subnucleus (IPC), 14, 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/intermediate subnucleus (IPI), 14, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/lateral subnucleus (IPL), 14, 71, 73 Interpeduncular nucleus/rostrall subnucleus (IPR), 14 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (InC), 14, 67, 69 Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), 11, 49, 51 Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lateral part (IPACL), 51 Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, medial part (IPACM), 51 Interstitial nucleus of the vestibular part of the 8th nerve (I8), 15 Interventricular foramen (IVF), 19 Islands of Calleja (ICj), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 Islands of Calleja/major island (ICjM), 10, 45, 47 K Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KF), 16, 81, 83 L Lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus (LMol), 10, 57, 59, 60, 63, 65, 67, 69 Lambdoid septal zone (Ld), 12, 57, 59 Lamina terminalis (Lter), 13, 19, 49 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus (La), 11, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/dorsolateral part (LaDL), 11, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventrolateral part (LaVL), 11, 57, 59 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus/ventromedial part (LaVM), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63 Lateral (dentate) derebellar nucleus (Lat), 17 Lateral derebellar nucleus/parvicelllar part (LatPC), 89 Lateral habenular nucleus (LHb), 12, 59, 61, 63 Lateral hypothalamic area (LH), 13 Lateral lemniscus (LL), 18, 77, 79, 81 Lateral mammillary nucleus (LM), 13, 55, 65, 67 Lateral nuclei (LTN), 12 Lateral olfactory tract (LO), 18, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Lateral orbital cortex (LO), 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 Lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), 14, 79, 81 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi), 16, 87, 91, 93, 95 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (LP), 12, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/lateral part (LPL), 61, 63 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/medial part (LPM), 61, 63, 65
Index of Abbreviations Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus/mediorostral part (LPMR), 65 Lateral preoptic area (LPO), 13, 49, 51, 53, 85, 87 Lateral recess of the 4th ventricle (LR4V), 19, 87, 89, 91, 93 Lateral reticular nucleus (LRt), 16, 87, 97, 99 Lateral reticular nucleus/parvicellular part (LRtPC), 16, 97, 99 Lateral septal nucleus (LS), 11, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51 Lateral septal nucleus/dorsal part (LSD), 11, 45, 47, 49, 51 Lateral septal nucleus/intermediate part (LSI), 11, 43, 45, 47, 49 Lateral septal nucleus/ventral part (LSV), 11, 45, 47, 49, 51 Lateral stripe of the striatum (LSS), 47, 49 Lateral superior olive (LSO), 15, 85, 87 Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract (LT), 16 Lateral ventricle (LV), 19, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73, 89 Lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), 16, 87, 89 Latero-basal nuclear complex (bassolateral group) (Lbn), 11 Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), 14, 79, 81 Laterodorsal (or lateral dorsal) thalamic nucleus (LD), 12, 57, 59 Lateroventral periolivary nucleus (LVPO), 15, 83 Linear nucleus of the medulla (Li), 16, 95 Lithoid nucleus (Lth), 65 Lobule 1 of cerebellar vermis (lingula) (1Cb), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87 Lobule 2 of cerebellar vermis (2Cb), 17, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87 Lobule 3 of cerebellar vermis (3Cb), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 4 of cerebellar vermis (4Cb), 17, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 5 of cerebellar vermis (5Cb), 17, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Lobule 6 of cerebellar vermis (6Cb), 17, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Lobule 7 of cerebellar vermis (7Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97 Lobule 8 of cerebellar vermis (8Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97, 99 Lobule 9 of cerebellar vermis (uvula) (9Cb), 17, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103 Lobule 10 of cerebellar vermis (nodule) (10Cb), 17, 91, 93, 95, 97 Locus coeruleus (LC), 14, 83, 85 Longitudinal fasciculs of the pons (lfp), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81 M Magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure (MCPC), 13, 65, 69 Magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), 49, 51, 53 Mamillary peduncle (mp), 18 Mamillary recess of the 3rd ventricle (MRe), 19 Mammillary body (MB), 13, 109 Mammillotegmental tract (mtg), 65, 67 Mammillothalamic tract (mt), 55, 57, 61, 63 Matrix region of the medulla (Mx), 16, 95, 99 Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus (MA3), 69
Index of Abbreviations Medial amygdaloid nucleus (Me), 11 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterodorsal part (MeAD), 55 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral part (MeAV), 55 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posterodorsal part (MePD), 57, 59 Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posteroventral part (MePV), 57, 59 Medial (fastigal) cerebellar nucleus (Med), 16 Medial entorhinal cortex (MEnt), 71, 73, 75, 77 Medial geniculate nucleus (MG), 12, 65, 67, 69, 71 Medial geniculate nucleus/dorsal part (MGD), 12, 65, 67, 69, 71 Medial geniculate nucleus/medial part (MGM), 12, 69, 71 Medial geniculate nucleus/ventral part (MGV), 12, 65, 67, 69, 71 Medial habenular nucleus (MHb), 12, 59, 61, 63 Medial lemniscus (ml), 18, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99 Medial longitudinal faciculcus (mlf), 18, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Medial mamillary nucleus/lateral part (ML), 13 Medial mamillary nucleus/medial part (MM), 13 Medial mamillary nucleus/median part (MnM), 13, 65 Medial orbital cortex (MO), 31, 33, 35 Medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB), 14, 79, 81, 83, 85 Medial parabrachial nucleus/external part (MPBE), 83 Medial preoptic area (MPA), 13, 51, 53 Medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), 13, 51, 53, 85, 87 Medial preoptic nucleus/central part (MPOC), 53 Medial pretectal nucleus (MPT), 13, 65 Medial septal nucleus (MS), 11, 45, 47, 49 Medial superior olive (MSO), 15, 83, 85, 87 Medial tuberal nucleus (MTu), 13 Medial vestibular nucleus (MVe), 16, 85, 87, 91, 93, 95 Medial vestibular nucleus/magnocellular part (MVeMC), 16, 85, 87, 89 Medial vestibular nucleus/parvicellular part (MVePC), 16, 87, 89 Median accessory nucleus of the medulla (MnA), 16, 65 Median eminence (ME), 19, 57, 59 Median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), 13, 49, 51 Median raphe nucleus (MnR), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/lateral part (MDL), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus/medial part (MDM), 12, 57, 59, 61, 63 Medioventral periolivary nucleus (MVPO), 15, 81, 83 MEDULLA OBLONGATA (MYELENCEPHALON) (MED), 15, 16 Medullary reticular nucleus (or MeRt) (MRt), 14, 67, 69, 71 Medullary reticular nucleus/dorsal part (MdD), 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Medullary reticular nucleus/ventral part (MdV), 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (me5), 14 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (Me5), 18, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83
141 MIDBRAIN (MESENCEPHALON) (MID), 14, 15 Middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85 Midline and intralaminar nuclei (MIN), 12 Mitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (MiA), 10, 27, 29, 31 Mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Mi), 10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 Molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (MoDG), 10, 55, 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Motor cortex/primary area (M1), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 Motor root of the trigeminal nerve (M5), 18, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85 Motor thalamus (MTT), 12 Motor trigeminal nucleus (5N), 14 N Navicular nucleus of the basal forebrain (Nv), 10, 43 Nucleus of Darkschewitsch (Dk), 14, 67, 69 Nucleus of Roller (Ro), 16, 95 Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), 11, 49, 53 Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 1-3 (LOT 1-3), 53 Nucleus of the lateral olfactry tract (LOT), 11 Nucleus of the optic tract (OT), 13, 65 Nucleus of the posterior commissure (PCom), 14, 67 Nucleus of the solitary tract (Sol), 16, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/central part (SolCe), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/commissural part (SolC), 16, 97, 99, 101 Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsolateral part (SolDL), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsomedial part (SolDM), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/gelatinous part (SolG), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/intermediate part (SolIM), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/interstitial part (SolI), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/lateral part (SolL), 16, 95, 97, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/medial part (SolM), 16, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101 Nucleus of the solitary tract/rostrolateral part (SolRL), 16 Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventral part (SolV), 16, 93, 95, 97, 99 Nucleus of the solitary tract/ventrolateral part (SolVL), 16, 93 Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (Sp5MED), 16 Nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (Sp5PONS), 14 Nucleus of the stria medullaris (SM), 13 Nucleus of the trapezoid body (Tz), 14, 81, 83, 85, 87 Nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band (VDB), 11, 45, 47 Nucleus X (X), 16, 91 Nucleus Y of the vestibular complex (Y), 17, 89 Nuclus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIC), 14, 73, 75
142 O Occulomotor nerve (3n), 19, 69, 71 Oculomotor nucleus (3N), 14, 71 Oculomotor nucleus/parvicellular part (3PC), 14, 73 Olfactory bulb (OB), 10 OLFACTORY BULB (OLB), 3, 10, 23, 27, 29, 31 Olfactory cortex (OlfC), 10 Olfactory nerve (OLF), 23, 25 Olfactory nerve layer (ON), 10 Olfactory ventricle (olfactory part of lateral ventricle) (OV), 19 Olfactry tubercle (Tu), 10, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 Olivary pretectal nucleus (OPT), 13 Optic chiasm (OCH), 18, 49, 51, 53 Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus (Op), 14, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75 Optic tract (OPT), 13, 16, 18, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67 Orbital cortex (Orb), 10, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 Oriens layer of the hippocampus (Or), 10, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 Oval paracentral thalamic nucleus (OPC), 12 P Parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), 14, 75 Paracentral thalamic nucleus (PC), 12, 55, 59, 65 Parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PaF), 12, 61, 63 Parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF), 12, 61, 63 Parafloccular sulcus (pfs), 19, 87, 89, 91 Paraflocculus (PFl), 17, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Paramedian lobule (PM), 17, 93, 97 Paramedian raphe nucleus (PMnR), 15 Paramedian reticular nucleus (PMn), 16, 97 Paranigral nucleus of the VTA (PN), 14, 75, 77 Parasolitary nucleus (PSol), 16 Parasubiculum (PaS), 10, 73, 75, 77, 79 Parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTh), 12, 60, 62 Paratenial thalamic nucleus (PT), 12, 53, 55 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa), 13, 53, 55, 57 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus/anterior parvicellular part (PaAP), 53 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), 12 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/anterior part (PVA), 12, 53, 55, 56 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus/posterior part (PVP), 12, 60, 62 Parvicellular reticular nucleus (PCRt), 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 163 Peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus (PLH), 55, 59, 61, 63, 65 Periaqueductal gray (PAG), 14, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Perirhinal cortex (PRh), 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pe), 13, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59 Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus/anterior parvicellular part (PeAP), 53 Pineal gland (Pi), 19 Piriform cortex (Pir), 10 Piriform cortex/layer 1 (Pir 1), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
Index of Abbreviations Piriform cortex/layer 2 (Pir 2), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67 Piriform cortex/layer 3 (Pir 3), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67 Polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus (PoDG), 10, 56, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 71 PONS (METENCEPHALON) (PONS), 14, 15 Pontine nuclei (Pn), 14, 75, 77 Pontine reticular nucleus/caudal part (PnC), 15, 83, 85 Pontine reticular nucleus/oral part (PnO), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Pontine reticular nucleus/ventral part (PnV), 15 Posterior commissure (PC), 18, 67 Posterior hypothalamic area (PHA), 13, 65 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH), 13, 61, 63 Posterior interposed cerebellar nucleus (IntP), 17, 91 Posterior pretectal nucleus (PPT), 13, 69 Posterior superior fissure (psf), 19, 81, 85, 87, 89, 93, 95 Posterior thalamic nuclear group (Po), 12, 59, 61, 63, 67 Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo), 11, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Posterolateral fissure (plf), 19, 85, 87, 93, 95 Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PMCo), 11, 56, 58, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 Posteromedial thalamic nucleus (PoMn), 61, 63 Postsubiculum (Post), 10, 71, 73, 75, 77 Precommissural nucleus (PrC), 65 Preculminate fissure (PCUF), 19, 81, 83, 85, 87 Pre-Edinger-Westphal nucleus (PrEW), 69 Prelimbic cortex (PrL), 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 Premamillary nucleus (PrM), 13 Premammillary nucleus, dorsal part (PMD), 61, 63 Premammillary nucleus, ventral part (PMV), 61, 63 Preoptic area (PO), 13 Prepositus nucleus (Pr), 16, 85, 87, 91, 93 Prepyramidal fissure (ppf), 19, 93, 95 Presubiculum (PrS), 10, 73 PRETECTUM (Pt), 13 Primary fissure (prf), 19, 81, 85, 87, 89 Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Pr5), 14, 83, 85 Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus (Py), 10, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71 Pyramidal decussation (pyx), 18, 99, 101, 103, 105 Pyramidal tract (py), 18, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 97, 99 R Radiatum layer of the hippocampus (Rad), 10, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71 Raphe interpositus nucleus (RIP), 15, 85, 87 Raphe magnus nucleus (RMg), 15, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 Raphe nuclei (RaMED), 16 Raphe nuclei (RaMID), 14 Raphe nuclei (RaPONS), 15 Raphe obscurus nucleus (ROb), 16, 93, 95 Raphe pallidus nucleus (RPa), 16, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95 Red nucleus (R), 14 Red nucleus/magnocellular part (RMC), 14, 69, 71 Red nucleus/parvicellular part (RPC), 14, 69, 71 Reticular formation (RtMED), 16
Index of Abbreviations Reticular formation (RtMID), 14 Reticular formation (RtPONS), 15 Reticular thalamic nucleus (Rt), 12, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons (RtTg), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83 Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons/lateral part (RtTgL), 15 Retroambiguus nucleus (RAmb), 16, 99 Retrochiasmatic area (RCh), 55 Retroisthmic nucleus (RIs), 15 Retrolemniscal nucleus (RL), 15 Retroparafacicular nucleus (RPF), 64 Retroreuniens area (RRe), 12, 60, 62 Retrosplenial dysgranular cortex (RSD), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Retrosplenial granular cortex (RSG), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 Reuniens thalamic nucleus (Re), 12, 53, 55, 56, 58 Rhabdoid nucleus (Rbd), 15 Rhinal fissure (rf), 6, 7, 19, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Rhinal incisures (ri), 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 Rhomboid thalamic nucleus (Rh), 12, 54, 58 Rostral linear nucleusof the raphe (RLi), 14, 67, 71 Rostrum of the corpus callosum (rcc), 18 Rubrospinal tract (rs), 18, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105 S Sagulum nucleus (Sag), 15, 79 Sensory/motor root of the trigeminal nerve (s5/m5), 73, 75, 77 Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve (s5), 18, 79, 81, 83 Septofimbrial nucleus (SFi), 11, 49, 51, 53 Septohippocampal nucleus (SHi), 11 Septohypothalamic nucleus (SHy), 49, 51, 53 SEPTUM (SEP), 11 Simple lobule (Sim), 17, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Simplex fissure (simf), 19, 89 Solitary tract (sol), 18 Somatosensory cortex/primary area (S1), 10, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 Somatosensory thalamus (SST), 12 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/caudal part (Sp5C), 16, 97, 99, 101, 105 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/interpolar part (Sp5I), 16, 93, 95, 97 Spinal trigeminal nucleus/oral part (Sp5O), 16, 89, 91 Spinal trigeminal tract (sp5), 18, 83, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105 Spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe), 16, 89, 91, 93, 95 Splenium of the corpus callosum (scc), 18 Stratum lucidum of the hippocampus (SLu), 10, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69 Stria medullaris of the thalamus (sm), 18, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 Stria terminalis (st), 18, 51, 53, 56, 58
143 Striatum (St), 11 Subcoeruleus nucleus (SubC), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/alpha part (SubCA), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/dorsal part (SubCD), 15 Subcoeruleus nucleus/ventral part (SubCV), 15 Subcommissural organ (SCO), 19, 64, 67 Subfornical organ (SFO), 19, 53 Subiculum (S), 10 Sublenticular extended amygdala (EA), 11, 55 Subparafiscicular thalamic nucleus (SPF), 12, 60, 62 Subpeduncular tegmental nucleus (SPTg), 15 Subpostrema area (SubP), 16 Substantia innominata (SI), 11 Substantia innominata/basal part (SIB), 11, 49, 51, 53 Substantia innominata/dorsal part (SID), 11 Substantia nigra (SN), 11 Substantia nigra (SNMID), 14 Substantia nigra/compact part (SNC), 11, 66, 69, 71, 73 Substantia nigra/lateral part (SNL), 11, 66, 69, 71 Substantia nigra/reticular part (SNR), 11, 66, 69, 71, 73 Subthalamic nucleus (STh), 11, 60, 62, 64 SULCUS (SUL), 19 Superficial gray layer of the superior colliculcus (SuG), 14, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75 Superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) (scp), 18, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87 Superior colliculus (SC), 14 Superior medullary velum (SMV), 17, 89 Superior olive (SOl), 15 Superior paraolivary nucleus (SPO), 15 Superior salivatory nucleus (SuS), 16, 87 Superior vestibular nucleus (SuVe), 16, 85, 87 Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh), 13 Suprachiasmatic nucleus/dorsolateral part (SChDL), 13, 53 Suprachiasmatic nucleus/ventromedial part (SChVM), 13, 53 Suprageniculate thalamic nucleus (SG), 12, 69, 71 Supramammillary nucleus, lateral part (SuML), 64 Supramammillary nucleus, medial part (SuMM), 64, 67 Supraoculomotor cap (Su3C), 14 Supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray (Su3), 14, 71, 73 Supraoptic nucleus (SO), 13, 49, 51, 53, 54 Supratrigeminal nucleus (Su5), 15, 81 Susbtantia innominata/ventral part (SIV), 11 T Tectospinal tract (ts), 18, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105 TELENCEPHALON (TEL), 10, 11 Tenia tecta (TT), 10 Terete hypothalamic nucleus (Te), 13 THALAMUS (THAL), 12 Third ventricle (3V), 19, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Transverse fibers of the pons (tfp), 18, 75, 77, 79, 81 Trapezoid body (tz), 18, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 Triangular nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Tr), 15 Triangular septal nucleus (TS), 11, 51, 53
144 Trigeminal nerve (5n), 19 Trigeminal transition zone (5Tr), 85 Trochlear nerve (4n), 19, 75, 77, 81 Trochlear nucleus (4N), 14, 75 U Uncinate fasciculus of the cerebellum (un), 18, 85 V Vagus nerve (10n), 19 Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (VOLT), 19, 49 Ventoromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), 13, 54, 56, 58 Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VA), 12, 54, 56 Ventral cochlear nucleus (VC), 14 Ventral cochlear nucleus/anterior part (VCA), 14, 83, 85 Ventral cochlear nucleus/posterior part (VCP), 14, 87, 89, 91 Ventral endopiriform nucleus (VEn), 11, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58 Ventral geniculate nucleus (VG), 60, 62 Ventral hippocampal commissure (vhc), 18, 53 Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (VLG), 12 Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VLL), 15, 75, 77, 79, 81 Ventral orbital cortex (VO), 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 Ventral pallidum (VP), 11, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 Ventral part of claustrum (VCl), 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56 Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus/parvicellular part (VPPC), 60, 62 Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), 12, 56, 58, 60, 62 Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM), 12, 58, 60, 62 Ventral spinocerebellar tract (vsc), 18, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105
Index of Abbreviations Ventral subiculum (VS), 10, 66, 69, 71 Ventral tegmental area (VTA), 14, 66 Ventral tegmental decussation (vtgx), 18 Ventral tegmental nucleus (VTg), 15, 77 Ventral tenia tecta, layer 1-2 (VTT 1-2), 33, 35 Ventral thalamus (VNT), 12 Ventral tuberomamillary nucleus (VTM), 13 VENTRICLE (V), 19 Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), 13 Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), 12, 54, 56, 58 Ventromedial preoptic nucleus (VMPO), 13 Ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VM), 12, 56, 58 Vestibular nuclei (VeMED), 16 Vestibular nuclei (VePONS), 15 Vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8vn), 19, 83, 85, 87 Vestibulocerebellar nucleus (VeCb), 17, 87, 89 Vestibulocochlear nerve (8n), 19 Visual cortex/primary area (V1), 10, 64, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 Visual thalamus (VST), 12 W WHOLE BRAIN (WHOLE), 10–17 X Xiphoid thalamic nucleus (Xi), 12, 56, 58 Z Zona incerta (ZI), 12 Zona incerta/caudal part (ZIC), 12 Zona incerta/dorsal part (ZID), 12, 60, 62 Zona incerta/rostral part (ZIR), 12, 56 Zona incerta/ventral part (ZIV), 12, 60, 62 Zonal layer of the superior colliculus (Zo), 14, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75