Kitab jogorofiya hâbutoo dîniya taŋ nûreg

KITAB JOGOROFIYA A HAABUTOO DINIYA TAŊ NUAREG

Livre de la geéographie et des choses du monde

KITAB JOGOROFIYA A HAABUTOO DINIYA TAŊ NUAREG

Livre de la geéographie et des choses du monde

SIL Tchad B.P. 4214

N’Djaména, Tchad 2016

Langue: massalit, parleée dans la préfecture d’Assoungha à l’est du Tchad, et au Soudan, surtout dans l’Etat fédéral du Darfour occidental.

Titre en français: Livre de la geéographie et des choses du monde Genre: Geéographie/Atlas

Adaptation de l’ouvrage paru en ayta-maganchi sous le titre : Ya luta tamo (Our

World) (1994, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Manila), avec la permission de SIL Philippines. Reédacteurs :

Eunice Kua, Juma Ibrahim Harun, Abderazik Mahamat Ahmat, Nuraddin Ahmat Abdalla, Ishak Kamis Mahamat, Gamaraddin Mahamat Harun, Abdelmajid Abdalla Sileman, Matar Mahamat Sileman, Angela Prinz Cartes et illustrations : La plupart des cartes sont des ressources gratuites du site-Web http://d-maps.com.

La plupart des illustrations sont de SIL International Illustrations et quelques-unes sont des ressources gratuites de l’Internet. Les deétails des sources des cartes et des illustrations utiliseées sont preéciseées aux pages 49-52.

© 2016 SIL Tchad, B.P. 4214, N'Djaména, Tchad 1ère édition: 250 exemplaires (50 exemplaires ont été financeés par SIL Australia à travers World Relief Australia pour une utilisation dans les bibliotheèques)

Kanaa ndaAŋa Kitab jogorofiya haaabutoo di aniya taŋ nuare gu kitab Filibin ta mirsi “Ya

Luta Tamo” uri ka Ayta uri SIL mbo sene 1994 i andiŋara ili molo haabutoo kaaddur mula ye. •

Hilleje Masaraa ni îŋa du hillenn̰ kaaddunjar mbo haagudu buari kaaddunjar

nuarcuŋa mbo de munduŋaye. Yagu ujim hillenn̰ dar Masara taŋa wo kooy de kitab tum mi andiŋarti, Mula haywa ti arnaŋan. •

Mirsi dolann̰ ni îŋa wo sulo kanaa aarinjeka ni aŋa mbo nuann̰o munduŋaye.

Haagudu haabutoo di asir munduŋa wi a kitab mo kuade indaye, gaar gena kosiŋ: •

Ki îlomitir (“km”) ira gi haabutoo cukani wo abur igegiye. Ila gani yoŋ,

kuamaci yoŋ, buari yoŋ abur igegiye. Haagudu ki alomitir ti mitirta aadumaŋ (1000) tenegiye. Kitab mo kuade ba “3,4 km” in nindo rakan, nunasira gi

selteŋ wo ambenjereye, in ken 3,4 km gi mitirta 3400 tenegiye. “k” ti ki alo ye, “m” du mitir te, in ken toron ki alomitir uriye, yagu ka “ki alo” de uriye. In ken ka “ki alo” ira gi mbo “ki alomitir” mbo kooy ti alo de ye. •

Selteŋim (“%”) ira gi haabuto selteŋu narkinda, selteŋi molo mayagiye.

Masal “25%” rakan, selteŋ uatiŋam 75 kuayendaye. Yagu selteŋ ti gualum te, in ken 25% gi ti caki ta caki ye, haagudu 50% gi du caki ye, haagudu 100% gi du gualum te. In ken haabuto yakunuŋ gualum mbo caki mbo caki ta caki mbo tenegiye. Mirsi kitabko nena wi a ni aŋa: •

Gamaraddin Mahamat Harun, Ishak Kamis Mahamat, Matar Mahamat Sileman, Abdalmajid Abdalla Sileman

•

Abderazik Mahamat Ahmat, Juma Ibrahim Harun, Nuraddin Ahmat Abdalla

•

Eunice Kua, Angela Prinz

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Hilleje Masaraa ni îŋ tuu Cad mana wi î

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Hilleje Masaraa ni îŋ tuu Sudan mana wi î

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Cad

FR : Tchad EN : Chad AR :

‫تشاد‬

Igi karita Cad ta ye, Cadko tiro ganii 22 enenn̰eŋeraye, ila wo “mantaga”

uriye. Mantagann̰ wi a koy nenn̰eŋer “difartmen” uri, difartmen molo sona gi “soforfektir” uriye, haagudu soforfektir molo sona gu “konto” uriye.

Hilleje Masaraa ni aŋ ganii kaaddur inda gi Cad ta sabam mantaga Wadday mo ye. Difartmen i ani gi Asuŋa ye. Asuŋa kuade kontonn̰ Masaraa inda wi a 6 ye, yagu ni ayembo

kaaddur inda wi a kontonn̰ kaŋ ye, ila i : konto Barde noŋ konto Kaîdo noŋ konto Gerenn̰e noŋ ye.

Haagudu konto Moîlo noŋ Turane noŋ Mabrun noŋ Kontonn̰ hilleje Masaraa inda wi î

wi am koy indaye, yagu hilleje Masaraa ni aŋa baka ye.

Cad ti waasikandi to Faransa taŋ ganii mbara tuakasi. Cad molo ri a dol lo gani sara ye. Sara ti unn̰nn̰a lo boro ye. Sa kallo tearinden, haabutoo i andisendaye. î Haagudu gani ri a na ili mo de, kuamaci kaaddunjar Ti îbisti mbo Inidi mbo indaye. Haagudu Cad ta caki garbi na gim rad kaaddi “Lak Cad” uri tinde. Rad gi

saa taŋa ninn̰arinda ye, tebet de kusul ninda ye, Rad Cad gi ti ni ayembo ndaŋ-

ndaŋ te, tiro molo ka darta as na ni aŋa saa mbo kuann̰oo mbo ulusiye. Darta as na tiro namalaŋa wi a Cad noŋ Nenjer noŋ Ni anjiriya noŋ Kamiron noŋ ye. Mirsi Cad taŋa wi a rad ili molo uruŋaye ire.

Cad ti madari mbara kaaddunjar saa tebet de ninn̰ari tene, madari saa tebet

de ninn̰ari ila wo “naharta” uri. İn ken naharta mbara na wi a i Chari mbo Logon mbo ye. Naharta mbara na wi a i Cad ta caki muta na gi mo ye.

Darta Cadko namalaŋa wi a ri a dol lo Li abiya, saba dol lo Sudan, garbi dol lo

Nenjer noŋ Ni anjiriya noŋ Kamiron noŋ ye, muta dol lo du Afrik al Wusta ye. Cad ti lari taŋ kooy ganii feree mo de ye, saa bar taŋa yoŋ muhit taŋa yoŋ munje lardim kuaya ye.

Asima Cad ta gi Anjimena ye. Asima ti gani dar ta kuajo tinda gi ye. Cad

mo kanaa uare wi a i 100 molo kaaddur ye, yagu haakkuma taayiri wi a mbara ye, i faransaka noŋ aarinjeka noŋ ye.

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Sudan

FR : Soudan EN : Sudan AR :

‫السودان‬

Igi karita Sudan ta ye. Sudanko tiro ganii 18 enenn̰eŋeraye, ila wo

“wilayann̰” uriye. Wilayann̰ molo sonaa wi a “mahaliyenn̰” uriye, i 133 ye.

Hilleje Masaraa kaaddur inda wi a, wilaya Garib Dar Fur caki Sudan ta

garbi na gi mo ye. Haagudu ganii tuu ka Masaraa inda wi a, Gireda Nn̰ ala molo saba muta na gi noŋ, Gadarif caki Sudan ta saba muta na gi noŋ, Kaîrtum nduaruk Mayo noŋ, haagudu Amndurman Kaartum molo garbi na gi noŋ ye. Haagudu ganii tuum koy indaye.

Sudan ti waasikandi to Afrikiyam doala kaŋgalaŋa ye. Darta Sudanko

namalaŋa wi a: ri a dol Maasar, saba dol Irittiriya mbo Usubiya mbo, muta dol lo du Junub Sudan ta Afrik al Wusta mbo ye. Haagudu garbi dol du Cad mbo Li abiya mbo ye. Haagudu Junub Sudan ti sene 2011 Sudan molo ninn̰iŋa ye.

Haagudu Sudan ti saba dol saa Bahar Furŋgi (Bahar al Ahmar) taŋam

Suadiye mbo lardu ene gi ye. Lardi Bahar Furŋgi ta gi ni ayembo kalla ye. Haabutoo dar mo ndaca mbo ndi anja mbo ni ayembo awun tige.

Sudan ti ganii bolayenn̰ kaaddur tene, haagudu kuamaci taŋa kaaddunjar wi a:

caki garbi na gim Kuma Marre, muta dol du Kuîmaci Nuîba ni îŋa ye, haagudu

saba dol du Kuîmaci Bahar Furŋgi taŋa ye. Haagudu naharta kaaddunjar taŋa wi a: Ni îl al Aîzarak noŋ Ni îl al Abiyat noŋ muta lo kar Kaartum ti aran Nahar al Ni îl kua ri atu ken Maasar naka ye.

Kaîrtum ti asima Sudan ta ye. Haagudu Sudan ta caki ri a na gi saro nene gi

ye. Ganii ila i: Nubatiya mbo Bedawiya mbo ye. Haagudu Sudan ta caki muta na gim, si aŋgee mbo sede mbo kaaddur indaye, ilim saŋga Di îndir uri tinden,

haakkuma koy ruase tinda yeka, ka darta tuu mana koy kar sede ila wo seresin i akegiye.

Ka Sudan taŋ kanaa uare wi a 70 molo dole koy uati, yagu haakkuma taayiri wi a

aarinjeka mbo i aŋgilizi mbo ye.

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Afrikiya

FR : Afrique EN : Africa AR : ‫أفريقيا‬

Cad mbo Sudan mbo i Afrikiyam nn̰urim ninda ye. Afrikiya ti gani ni ayembo

waasiye lo doîlann̰ 54 nene gi ye.

Afrikiyam doala ti de kaaddi gi Jazayir te, mbarlaŋa gi Koîŋgo

Di îmmukuratiya ye, kaŋgalaŋa gi du Sudan te. Haagudu Afrikiyam doala ti de sina gi du Sichal te. Sichal ti jaazirenn̰ lo saa ni a nn̰urim Afrikiyam saba dol lo

ninda ye. Haagudu Afrikiyam doala ti de ka kaaddur nene gi Ni înjiriya ye. Haagudu ti de ka baka nene gi Sichal te.

Afrikiya di aniyam ti de unn̰nn̰a ye, ganii fere mbo sara mbo 60% ye. Yagu

Afrikiya ti aaŋgayinn̰ mbo i arijinn̰ mbo koy kaaddur nene gi ye. Haagudu Afrikiya ti ki arimkandu koy nene gi ye, yagu kuamaci kaaddunjar ni aŋa ganim ni ayembo ye. Haagudu Afrikiya ti sedenn̰ kaaddunjar kaaddur nene gi ye.

Ila mana tuu muŋginn̰ mbo leker garann̰ mbo leker wara taŋa

mbo amakar mbo mburginn̰ mbo kass al bahar ta mbo nene gi ye.

Haagudu ganii sedenn̰ kaaddur nene wi a Cad mo Zaakuma ye.

Kass al bahar

Zaakuma ti Cad mo muta saba mo ye. Haagudu Sudan mo du Di andir te. Haagudu Afrikiyam ganii sedenn̰ ni aŋa ni ayembo ni anaŋa wi a i: Okabaŋgo doala Botsuwana na gi noŋ, haagudu Ŋgoroŋgoro noŋ Siriŋgiti noŋ ye, i du doala Tanzaniya mo ye. Haagudu Afrikiya ti ganim mo haabutoo ndaŋ-ndaŋ ta ni ayembo kaaddur

tene. Ndaŋ-ndaŋ ta wi a i dabta mbo rebenn̰ mbo ye, haagudu haabutoo tuu koy gani molo ndor haabutoo i ame indaye, i ame wi a i: ti arimbilta mbo kuamaci battariye taŋa mbo talafunta mbo kerenjelann̰ muacoo uace ila mbo ye.

Di aniyam nahar ti de cukaŋgi gi Afrikiya mo ye. Ili Nahar al Ni îl te.

Cukankandi to turnaŋa molo tusulam 6,7 km ye, doalann̰ 11 gar-gar ni aŋa ye, Sudan koy 11 mo kuade ye. Haagudu di aniyam Afrikiya ti de saro kaîddu unn̰nn̰o

nene gi ye. Sara gi ti Afrikiyam caki ri a na gim, saba lo garbi nibiya ye, Cad mo koy naya ye.

Haagudu ka ŋgo ire, gi îlaŋgu ka di îniya taŋa kooy Afrikiya lo i aŋaraye ire. Afrikiyam ka kanaa uare wi a 2000 molo dole koy uaregiye. Ka kaaddur kanaa

mbara yoŋ kaŋ yoŋ koy uare. Ka kanaa kaaddur uare wi a aarinjeka mbo hawsaka mbo sawahili mbo yoruba mbo fallata mbo liŋgala mbo kikoŋgo mbo ye. 10

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UArubba

FR : Europe EN : Europe AR : ‫أوربا‬

Afrikiya molo ri a dol lo Uarubba ye. Uarubba ti dolann̰ 45 nene gi ye.

Uarubbam doala ti de kaaddi gi Ruîsiya ye, haagudu di aniyam kooy doala ti de

kaaddi gi Ruasiya de ye.

Haagudu doalann̰ Biritaniya noŋ Faransa noŋ Alamaniya noŋ Italiya noŋ Hoîlanda noŋ Suwisra noŋ, wi a kooy Uarubba kuade de ye. Haagudu doala yakunuŋ kanaa taŋa mbo aditta taŋa mbo nene ye. Uarubba ti unn̰kandi ta i anna kaaddi yande, haagudu ki arimkandi ta du Afrikiya molo ni ayembo ki arima ye. Haagudu Uarubba haabutoo kaaddur oye wi a i : gemeta noŋ ababatta noŋ haagudu inabta koy uandunn̰ukiye. Haagudu haabutoo nn̰amii ige koy

kaaddur indaye, ila i zaaytunta noŋ haabutoo tuu noŋ koy indaye. Haagudu Uarubba haabutoo kaaddur ki ame ndi anju toroke indaye, ila i ti arimbilta noŋ tayyarann̰ noŋ talafunta noŋ binije noŋ, haagudu

Inabta

daawije noŋ ye. Ka Uarubba taŋa wi a alle guaru lo koy ni ayembo gaar nena lo darta i aniŋa wo ni ayembo wandalann̰e. Haagudu taŋ i aniŋa koy

ni ayembo njuŋŋa i amana lo, tuu sininta 400 uŋuna gu koy aaminaamin koy kallo de indaye.

Haagudu haabutoo tuu koy darta tuum nindenda ajab ira

mana koy indaye. Ila mana tu Buîruj Ifol uri Faransa na gi ye.

Tiro sene 1889 rebenn̰ mbo i amanaye. Cukankandi to mitirta 300

Buîruj Ifol

ye. Kaŋgi haabi gu tenjeren i amana gi taŋa mirsi Gustaf Ifol uriye. Ka tenjeren ni amana wi a du 300 ye.

Haagudu haabutoo tuu ajab ira mana tu gi du Bi îg Ban uriye,

ti Biritaniya mo ye. Ti njindi kaaddi ye, kuade simbildu ne njindi

tuakan noddore ye, ili ti raadiye BBCm torfolin minegiye. Bi ag Ban ti mirsi simbildi taŋa ye, in ken njindi mbo taŋi i amana gi mbo kooy toron Bi ag ban uruŋaye. Bi ag Banko gi ameya gi sene 1858 ye.

Haagudu cukankandi to du mitira 93 ye. Haagudu ti taŋ barlaman Biritaniya na gi mbo ni anibirna ye.

Bi îg Ban 12

Haagudu jaman mo ka ji asaa Uarubba molo dartam nn̰elle waarcana. Darta ka

ji asaa kaaddur ko inda wi a i: Amirika noŋ Osturaliya noŋ Ni ayu Zilanda noŋ,

haagudu Junub Afrikiya koy baka ko indaye, in ken darta ilam ka ji asaa kaaddur aamin-aamin koy indaye.

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FR : Asie EN : Asia

Asiya

AR : ‫آسيا‬

Afrikiya molo saba dol Asiya ye. Asiya ti koy doalann̰ kaaddur ne ka koy

sutunn̰ but-but kaaddur nene gi ye. Asiya ti doîlann̰ 48 tene gi ye.

Asiyam doala ti de kaaddi gi Sin te. Haagudu Sin ti di aniyam ti de ka kaaddur

nene gi ye.

Kitaba Sin taŋa wi a kitaba ka tuu ni aŋa mbo nuann̰enda ye.

Inta wo suarann̰ mbo nuann̰ee igegiye, haagudu ba katab ige-ken, sualo mbo ti aŋge mbo igendaye, yagu kana tira gi mbo de katab

igegiye. In ken Siniyinta kanaa but-buta kaaddur nuare ye, yagu

Kitaba Sin taŋa wi î

kitaba i aniŋa ti alo de ye.

Haagudu di aniyam doala ka kaaddur nene mbarlaŋa gi du

Hi înd te, Hi and ti koy Asiya mo ye. Haagudu Hi and ti ka duani kaaddur tene, yagu uji i aniŋa ka Afrikiya taŋa mbo nuann̰enda ye. Haagudu

Hi and taŋa kanaa guareya mbo katab geya mbo but-buta nene ye, haagudu ti aŋgee i aniŋa fandaŋta but-buta nene ye.

Haagudu iyaŋata Hi and taŋa i koy toabta nuace ye, yagu

Ti îŋge kanaa Hi înd taŋ but-but na wi î

guaca i ani gi iyaŋata Cad taŋa molo but ye.

Sin mbo Hi and mbo olonam doala sina Nebal uri tindaye,

doala ilim kuma di aniyam ti de cukaŋgi Eberes uri tindaye.

Haagudu Hi and molo garbu ken doalann̰ kaŋ lafinan, Suîdiye

Arabiya wo rakiteye. Suadiye ti Afrikiya molo saba dol lo ye, ilim Makka tinden musliminta ko hijko igegiye.

Iyaŋata Hi înd taŋ toîbta nuîce ye

Haagudu di aniyam doala ti de musliminta kaaddur nene gi Aîndunusiya ye, Aandunusiya ti jaazirenn̰ kaaddur nene gi ye, ti Asiyam caki muta na gim ninda ye.

Haagudu ka Asiyam muta saba ninda wi a ruîsko de kaaddu

koyo, tiro de ni ayembo inn̰e. Haagudu birata su ni aŋa but-buta kaaddur ene, yagu chetta ni ayembo ŋonn̰o inn̰e.

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Ka Taylanda taŋ ruîsko undunn̰uki

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Osturaliya mbo Ogoyanos mbo

FR : Australie & Oceéanie EN : Australia & Oceania

‫أسترليا و الوقيانوس‬

AR:

Osturaliya ti Aandunusiya molo muta ye, Osturaliya ti jaazire ni ayembo

kaaddi ye. Haagudu Osturaliya molo saba dol lo jaazirenn̰ sibina kaaddur indaye. Ila wo toron Ogoyanos uriye. Ila mana tuu: Fiji noŋ Samuwa noŋ ye. Jaazirenn̰ tuu doalann̰ i aniŋa fandaŋta ye, haagudu jaazirenn̰ tuu du Faransa mbo Osturaliya mbo Amirika mbo Ni ayu Zilanda mbo nuarci ye.

Osturaliya ti sede darta tuum kuayenda taŋa fandaŋta

tene, ila mana tuu “kaŋgaru” mbo “kawala” mbo ye.

Osturaliya ta nn̰uri gi ti sara ye, in ken ka kaaddur ganii saa mbo munje nam indaye. Osturaliyam

ri a sabam saam kuade maranjan di aniyam ti

Kaŋgaru

de kaaddi tindaye. Maranjan ira gi ti saam

kuade kuamaci-kuamaci ninda lo, suba ray-ray ninda mbo fur-fur ninda mbo, haagudu buraga mbo nuann̰e kaaddur indayeka, kunn̰oo mbo sede saa ni aŋa tuu mbo i andinasigiye. Maranjan

Haagudu Osturaliya molo muta sabam

doala nomonn̰e Ni îyu Zilanda uri tindaye. Ni ayu Zilanda ti joaci mbo

Kawala

dee mbo ni ayembo kaaddur nene gi ye. Haagudu ka gani ilim gi alaŋ nunn̰uŋa wi a wo Mawri uriye. Ni ayu Zilanda wo kanaa i aniŋa mbo “Gani aabiyati ji asa cukaŋgi” uriye.

Antartika

FR : Antartique EN : Antartica AR : ‫أنترتيكا‬

Antartika ti di aniyam ti de muta ye. Ti kooy taalij lo

ni ayembo ki arima tirnen, ka indendaye. Yagu kucice “batarik” uri indaye. Kucice ila i fi ar nigenda ye, yagu saam wayan kuann̰oo noŋ de niye ye. Haagudu i kuann̰oo ninn̰a ye.

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AMIRIKA RI î NA GI MBO MUTA NA GI MBO

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Amirika rî A nag

FR : Ameérique du nord EN : North America AR :

‫أمريكاالشمالية‬

Amirika rî na gi ti doalann̰ 23 tenegiye. Ilam dôlann̰ kâddunjar mbara ye, ila

Kanada mbo Amirika mbo ye. Amirika ti mirsi taŋ kâddusar wî Wilayat Al Muttahida Al Amirikiya uriye.

Kanada ti wilayenn̰ 13 tene. Gani ta ni ayembo waasiye ye, yagu wasarŋo

ni ayembo tene.

Amirika ti du wîlayenn̰ 50 tene, ti koy dôla wâsiye ye. Amirika wo saba lo

garbi gefeli-ken, tayyara mbo njindinn̰ 6 tulusi. Amirika ti koy ganii feree tene

Cad noŋ, hâgudu ganii tuu nîyembo rayni îrijinn̰ mbo kûmaci mbo tene. Hâgudu sîŋgee koy nîyembo cukani tene. Hâgudu sîŋge ti de dîniyam cukaŋgi gi Amirika ye, mirsi taŋa du “sekoya” uriye.

Karitam ba mesere-ken, wîlaya Alaska ti but

noŋ tîjiri, ti Kanada molo rî ye, yagu Amirika wo nuarci ye. Alaska ti nîyembo wasarŋo nene gi ye.

Hâgudu tâlijko koy kâddu nene gi ye. Yagu tâlij ta gi loboka lo sôgi noŋ de nûcuci ye, hâgudu lêle

âguri tira-gim sîm-si ama noŋ de nûcuci ye. Hâgudu nîyembo kâddu tûsuran, ganu kooy jîsa tûsunji.

Hâgudu wîlaya tu Hawayi uri gi ti Muhit Al

Ganii taîlij ni îyembo kaîddi tinda wi îm, ka tuu i înjer raîbbu ken karrann̰ kucuŋ ganii tuu molo tuum i îkegiye.

Hadim ninda lo Amirika molo nîyembo nn̰elle ye, yagu Amirika wo nûrci ye. Hawayi ti jaazirenn̰ ye.

Asima Amirika ta gi Wachiŋton te, hâgudu asima Kanada ta gi du Ottawa

ye. Hâgudu Kanada lo Amirika lo i aŋgilizu de kâddur ûre, yagu Kanada wîlaya Kîbak uri gim faransaka kâddur ûre.

Amirika molo muta koy doalann̰ tuu Amirika rî na gi mbo urmake indaye.

Ilam dôla ti de kâddi gi Meksik te. Meksik ti alle Isbaniya taŋa koroo mo yere, in ken ka ila aamin-aamin koy kanaa Isbaniya taŋa kâddur ûre, Cad mo kanaa Faransa taŋa ûre gi noŋ.

Hâgudu dôlann̰ tuu sonaa kâddur indaye, tuu Bahar al Kâribim kûde

jâzirenn̰ mo indaye. Jâzirenn̰ ila mana tuu Kûba noŋ Jamayka noŋ i âjii i aniŋa

ni ayembo ni anaŋa ye, âjijaŋa Bob Morli wo koy Jamayka unn̰anaye. Hâgudu dôlann̰ Hâyti mbo Jamhuriyat Dominikan mbo jâzire ti alem indaye. 19

Hâgudu dôlann̰ Kâribi taŋa wi am ka dûni kâddur indaye, alle ûwann̰ i aniŋa

Afrikiya molo wanaŋanniŋaye. Ni angeya îni gi du gasab al sukarta kadam

igeteyaka wanaŋanniye. Ka wanaŋanniŋa wî ni aŋa darta ila tuu Sinigal lo Benin lo Kôŋgo lo ye. Ka ila ron wanaŋayaka nîyembo dabaro wandaŋenniye.

Amirika muta nag

FR : Ameérique du sud EN : South America AR :

‫أمريكاالجنوبية‬

Amirika muta na gi ti doîlann̰ 12 nene gi ye. Doala ti de kaaddi gi Barazil te. Barazil mo ka kaaddur kanaa burtugalu uaregiye, haagudu doalann̰ tuu wi am du ka kaaddur kanaa isbanu uare. Haagudu kanaa tuu koy uare ene.

Nahar Amizon uri Amirika muta na gim ninda gi, di aniyam ti de kaaddi

ye. Haagudu saa koy ti de kaaddur nene gi ye. Haagudu ka tuu ŋgo ire, Nahar

Amizon ti Nahar al Ni al molo koy cukaŋgi ye ire. Haagudu doalann̰ ni ayembo saa kaaddur toyke wi a i : Barazil mbo Bi aro mbo ye, yagu doalann̰ Fanizwela noŋ

Koalombiya noŋ Ekuwador noŋ Bolifiya noŋ wi am koy firaa toyke tenegiye. Haagudu Nahar Amizon ti i îriju sa a ilu koy Amizon tebet de tirno tene. Iriji a ili ti ni ayembo waasiye lo doalann̰ uriye. Iriji

aaday mo nibiya ye. Haagudu si aŋgee taŋa wi a ni ayembo ruakki yen, aayŋge koy ti ajirindaye. Haagudu di asir kooy aaŋgayi ye, cey gendan a ilim sede saŋan gar-gar di aŋndiye. Iriji

î sa tebet de tirne gi Iriji

kaaddur inde, yagu ka koy indaye.

Haagudu kuma Andis Amirika mutam ninda gi ti de

di aniyam mbualuta ye. Ti ri a lo muta doalann̰ maarim nibiya ye.

Fanizwela lo kurnaŋ Cili nusula ye. Haagudu sara Atakama Bi aro mbo Cili mbo olona

mana gim di aniyam ti tindam de sa sibina ye ire. Haagudu tuînjuki di aniyam ti de

cukaŋgi gi Fanizwela mo ye, mirsi taŋa Anjil uriye. Cukankandi to heluŋ ki alo tuakasi. Lama

Amirika muta na gi malta taŋa 20

Tuînjuki "Anjil"

fandaŋta tene, ila mana tu “lama” uriye. Lama ti leri nanna lo kotu di ari mbo

nuann̰e lo joo jaawi taŋa mbo nuann̰e ye. Haagudu tiro unuciye, nn̰ugi to inn̰aye, ji a taŋa waŋeye, siŋaa taŋa wo du ulusiye.

Haagudu Ekuwador mbo munje jaîzirenn̰ Galabagos uri indaye. Ilam sede

mbo kucice mbo darta tuu ni aŋa mbo nuann̰enda indaye. Ila mana tuu tekeje kaaddunjar mbo haagudu fatarnje mbo nuann̰ee kua jijirim aarcii nene mbo, haagudu kucice fi ar nige mbo fi ar nigenda mbo kanaa nuann̰enda mbo indaye.

Haagudu Amirika muta na gi molo haabutoo sule

ndi anju oroke mana wi a: buan noŋ uasee noŋ ababatta

noŋ musta noŋ haagudu nn̰u dee ni aŋa noŋ ye. Haagudu rebenn̰ i ame noŋ silikta wasu uci noŋ ye.

Haagudu buagulann̰ Amirika muta na gi taŋa kuaram

koy ni ayembo ni anaŋa ye.

Sedenn̰ jaîzirenn̰ Galabagos taŋam ninda wi î

Haîbutoo Amirika muta na gi taŋa

21

Dî Aniya Karita gi di aniyo kooy ambenjere. Di aniya ti waasiye lo ganii nininn̰iŋira nene gi ye, ila wo garrann̰ uriye. Afrikiya noŋ Uarubba noŋ Asiya noŋ Osturaliya noŋ Amirika ri a na gi noŋ Amirika muta na gi noŋ haagudu Antartika noŋ, wi a kooy

garrann̰ ye. Haagudu garra ti de kaaddi gi Asiya ye, mbarlaŋa gi du Afirikiya ye, tiro molo du Amirika ri a na gi noŋ, tiro molo du Amirika muta na gi noŋ, tiro molo du Antartika ye, tiro molo du Uarubba ye, haagudu ti de sina gi Osturaliya ye.

Ba karitam jere-ken, Afrikiya mbo Uarubba mbo Asiya mbo kooy ni anibirna

ye. Haagudu Amirika ri a na gi mbo Amirika muta na gi mbo i koy ni anibirna ye.

Yagu Osturaliya ti jaazire lo ni anibirninda ye. Haagudu Antartika ti koy tuu mbo ni anibirninda ye.

Haagudu di aniyam garrann̰ wo namalaŋa wi a kooy saa de ye. Di aniyam gani

saa ni a gi gani fere molo kaaddi ye, gani saa ni a gi 71% ye. Saa kaaddur inda-ken,

sa kaaddi tirne. In ken doalann̰ saa mbo munje ninda wi am sa tebet de tirneye. Yagu Cad ti saa molo nn̰elle yaka sa sina ye.

Haagudu saa muhitta mana wi a 97% ye, haagudu saa baharta ni aŋa mbo

radta ni aŋa mbo du 3% ye. Muhit Afrikiya molo saba Osturaliya mbo olona

mana gi Muhit al Hi îndi ye, haagudu muhit Afrikiya molo garbi, Amirika mbo olona mana gi Muhit al Atlas te. Haagudu muhit Amirika molo garbi Asiya mbo olona gi Muhit Al Hadi ye. Haagudu muhit ti de di aniyam ri a na gi Muhit al

Gutbi ri î na gi ye, haagudu muhit ti de di aniyam muta na Antartika mbo munje na gi du Muhit al Gutbi muta na gi ye.

Dî Aniya ti guArkundi noŋ ye Ka alle na di aniya ti ano tene gu esereyye, haagudu saba tukunn̰i lo garbi

ŋgurumu esereyye, in ken kaŋgi indiru ninenda gu “Maŋ jek kajal gena di aniyo ni andinti” i arnisere. Yagu haagu osiŋa gu di aniya ti guarkundi noŋ ye. Maŋ kurnaŋ

“Di aniyo ti ano anarkiti” ru gani nanjaŋa gu de gayin koy, gani na gurnaŋa gim de laandirti.

Guarkundi di aniya ta gu nn̰uru abur enan 40 000 km tuakasiye. 22

23

MeArenja aAyŋge taŋa mbo ruAbura aAguri taŋa mbo Di aniya ti guarkundi ye, nn̰uri ta gu Kat al Istiwa uriye. Doalann̰ Kat al Istiwa

mbo munje na wi a, aayŋge tebet tanjanje lo unn̰nn̰a ye. Haagudu doalann̰ tuu Kat al

Istiwa molo nn̰elle na wi a, ayeje tuum aayŋgo sono nenenise lo ki arima ye, haagudu

ayeje tuum aayŋgo boko kaaddu nenenise lo nn̰emma ye. In ken ganii ilam berbera ye.

Haagudu doîlann̰ mo kuîde koy cakinn̰ but-buta ye, in ken Cad mo koy caki ri a

na gi sara ta kaaddi lo unn̰nn̰a ye, haagudu sa koy sona ye. Ka ri a na wi a jaagiyenn̰ tumurta ni aŋa nene ye, haagudu di arije koy saay igegiye.

Haagudu Cad mo nn̰urim gani sahilim hilleje Masaraa ni aŋ kaaddur indaye.

Gani sahili ira gi ti sefi noŋ uaraŋa noŋ kaarifi noŋ kori noŋ nene gi ye. Haabutoo oye wi a du, asee soror noŋ kaacamuu noŋ fi alta noŋ haagudu aniŋaa noŋ ye.

Haagudu malta i aniŋa du dee noŋ joaci noŋ ti ace noŋ ye. Haagudu dedeŋann̰ mbo di arijaŋa mbo koy indaye.

Haagudu Cad mo caki muta na gu du gani sudani uriye. Sa gani ilim gani

sahili ta gi molo kaaddi ye. In ken ka gani ili taŋa rus mbo aann̰arii mbo oyeye, haagudu kuann̰oo koy oaroci.

24

25

Taŋ darta but-but na nî Aŋ Ka alle na wi a i gani yakunuŋ ki arima yoŋ unn̰nn̰a yoŋ aaguru nene gi yoŋ taŋ

but-buta igenniye. In ken aamin-aamin koy ka tuu taŋ ila mbo nuann̰e mo de indaye, yagu ka tuu taŋ kaaddur orgolonn̰iŋa.

Kema

Tuîndi

Afrikiya ri a doala Mogorib ira gi taŋ ka Berber ira wi a saram ninda lo taŋ kemann̰ ne gani tu molo tum lar ni arari ye.

Haagudu doalann̰ tuum ganii unn̰nn̰a lo si aŋgee nene ilam du taŋ wo tuîndinn̰ ke

gani tu molo tum lar ni arari ye.

Taŋ kuîrndetta Afrikiya taŋa

Taŋ ka Musgum ta ni îŋa

Haagudu Afrikiyam taŋ heluŋ kooy kuîrndetta ye. Kuarndet ira gi ti guar noŋ naamalanjarna gi ye. Haagudu ka Masaraa taŋ wo karkara gember mbo haagudu taarii mbo igere, yagu haagu morkolann̰ di asir ken dole taŋu edere.

Haagudu ka Musgum uri Cad mbo Kamiron mbo ninda wi a du taŋ i aniŋa

wardi mbo aŋundi mbo nuann̰o igeye.

26

Haagudu Asiyam doala Filibin uri ilim ka

Ifugaw uri ila gani i anim sa ni ayembo kaaddi yaka ruasko ni ayembo noye ye. Taŋ i aniŋa sa

kaaddi tuakan dafakko tigen, i aya ru gi ariŋgesim dole edereye, taŋ i aniŋam kuade uŋunje gi noŋ haagudu kuru nn̰eta i i ani mbo mamunta mbo undunju igegiye.

Haagudu ka Bagobo ira ila i i arijim kuade ninda lo gani i ani ni ayembo unn̰nn̰a yaka, aaguru ninde taŋ i aniŋa wo si aŋgeem dole edereye, in

ken sede bi ayee wi a koy saŋan wanarkicendaye.

Haagudu ka Sama Bajaw ira Filibin mbo Maliziya mbo ninda ila kuann̰oo noaroci lo saam kuade de hilleje kesin ninda ye. Taŋ

i aniŋa du saam kuade tokotiri ndil, gi ariŋgesi

ken, ilim dole taŋ ederere, yagu uawann̰ i aniŋa alle na ila maarkubann̰ lo taŋ i aniŋa yaka ni andirniŋa yere.

Haagudu ka doala Bi îro ira Amirika muta

na gi taŋa nahar Amizon mbo munje ninda

wi a taŋ i aniŋa wo saam kuade si aŋgee kaaddunjar keteren kirari ken kucuŋ, ilam dole taŋ wo edereye. In ken saa kaaddur uakan taŋ i aniŋa

dole waamartari, haagudu saa baka uakan du taŋ i aniŋa di asir uacuci. 27

Haagudu ka tuu ganii i aniŋa aaguru

nenenda lo unn̰nn̰a yen tokotiri ndil cuarinn̰ de igenniye, tuu karkara igeye, tuu du igendaye.

Haagudu Amirika ri î na gim, doala Kanada noŋ Jarnilanda noŋ, ka Inuwit uri

ila gani i ani ni ayembo ki arima lo kooy taalij de lo si aŋgee kaaddunjar nenenda yaka, taŋ i aniŋa wo taalijko de tuabta ludaŋ taŋ i aniŋa wo i amenniye. Taŋ i aniŋam kuade du wasii

igeniseye, unn̰kandi wasi ta gi du taŋ i aniŋa njuŋŋa tuasunji. Taŋ ila ni aŋa mirsi du igilu uriye.

Haagudu Amirika ri a na gim caki tum ayeje tuum ni ayembo ki arima ye, in ken ka ila taŋ ni ayembo daaŋŋa ki aman oarociceye.

Haagudu ki arimkandi ni ayembo kaaddi tuakan

du, taŋ i aniŋam kuade wasii igegiye. In ken taŋ i aniŋa i amani-gim gani wasi to ki aman uarunji ti anjito koy ilisiye.

Haagudu Amirika ri a na gim ka Nabaho uri ila taŋ i aniŋa wo si aŋgee keteren, tokoloŋa noŋ de soron bargitta ila wardi mbo lendeŋ, haagudu dole koy si aŋgee mbo de roac wardi

mbo norcoŋ, haagudu dalam aagu uarunji ti anjito ilisinniye. Taŋ ila ni aŋa mirsi wo du hogan uriye.

28

Haagudu ka Fuweblu uri ila i koy

Amirika ri a na gi mana lo, taŋ i aniŋa wo tuabta mbo kuamaci mbo nuagurto daaŋŋa

ki aman-kodo, taŋ tuu koy dole nindidinn̰iku i amenniye. In ken taŋ dole na ilam oyosetiŋa si aŋgee mbo acalta ken

oyosenniye, haagudu kusaŋ tuakan acalta

i aniŋa ila dole ciŋgan ondosenniye, sarag toŋ aadu yoŋ toyonto i aya ru ondosenniye. Aamin-aamin di aniyam kooy muîduntam

ka kaaddur yen, gani reke tuaka, taŋ

nindidinn̰iku cukani i ame, taŋ ila wo amarann̰ uriye. Haagudu gi ameya i ani gu du i asmanti

mbo boro mbo nuagurtaŋ rebenn̰ mbo i ameye. Amarann̰ tuu ŋunjeya ni aŋa ye, tuu du

maktabta ni aŋa ye, tuu du suagta ni aŋa koy ige. Haagudu tuu du kooy de toron i ame.

29

AAyŋge Ka alle na aayŋge mbo kiyeje mbo but-buta eserere. Yagu aayŋge ti koy kiye de ye. Aayŋge ti minta mbo munje yen, tiro kiyeje tuu wi a molo kaaddu mesereye. Aayŋge ti wasi noŋ ye. Aayŋge ti munje ye, yagu in munje yande, nn̰elkandi to 148 000 000 ki alomitir tuakasi gani molo.

Aayŋge ti ni ayembo ndaŋ-ndaŋ te, unn̰kandi ta mbo nisa ta mbo kuayendan haabutoo i andise koy ti aŋar unusindiye, haagudu haabutoo ni ajirii koy aayŋge kuayendan indendiye.

30

MaAlanjariya gani taŋa Mi gani taamalanjari noŋ ambirnde, yagu ti guarkundi noŋ buaŋga ken taamalanjari, haagudu ti aayŋgo koy tamalanje.

Haagudu gani ti guarkundi noŋ telle taamalanjarnan, caki aayŋge tanjaŋa gi

duro tua-ken, tanjaŋnda ili du kusaŋ tuakasi. In ken Cad mo duro tuakan,

Osturaliya kusaŋ tuakasi. In ken telle taamalanjarna gi leîle ti île ye. Maalanjariya ta gu du garbi lo ndaaŋin sabbu tigegiye.

Haagudu gani ti aayŋgo telle tamalaŋi gu seno tuaŋunje.

31

Haagudu maalanjariya taŋa buîŋga tenan aayŋge mbo munje na gi unn̰nn̰a

tuakasi, haagudu nn̰elle na gi ki arima tuakasi. In ken unn̰kandi tarin, ki arimkandi tarin tigegiye. In ken telle buaŋga tenan, ayeje iti ŋun-kodo tuarburari.

Gani taamalanjari noŋ ambirnde, yagu ba nandadal taamalanjari gu gosiŋto ninnde-ken, aayŋge sefi tua-ken ŋgur lo ti aŋar ŋgur ti aliŋe-ken nandadala ji akala, haagudu kaarifi tuakan ŋgur lo ti aŋar ŋgur ti aliŋe-ken si akal. Gim kuade koy gosiŋndan, aanjuro sefi tag ŋgur tuakasin, kaarifi tag ŋgur tuakasi-ken si akal. Haabutoo muarana wi a but-buta uakasi gu, gani taŋa maalanjariya molo ye.

Aye Aye ti koy namalanje ye, sura gi kaaddikandi aye ta mbo gani ta mbo

ambenjere. Aye ti ganu telle tamalaŋi gu jo 30 tuaŋunje. In ken jo 30 na ila aye ye.

Aye ti ganim aayŋge molo munje ye. Haagudu nn̰elkandi to gani molo

400 000 km tuakasi. In ninda gi mbo ka tuu ayem ko wara. 32

Haagudu aye ti daay to fandaŋko nenenda ye, aayŋge tiro tinisiŋin ti du ganu

tinisiye.

Aye ti ŋgonda yoŋ? Mi ayo mesere-ken, ayem kuade aasuro maama ta mbo nuann̰o mesere. Aye ti

haabutoo tuakunjurumta mbo toafoje mbo tene, ila lo aasuro maama ta mbo uann̰eye. Haagudu aye ti aaguru nenenda

ye, saa du nenenda ye, in ken

haabutoo ni ajirii tenende. Si aŋgee mbo sede mbo kuayenda ye.

Aye ti gani molo sona ye, aye

ti waasikandi to ganu ganii as cek enan, ti ti ale to taanino tuati.

Aye taŋ kuann̰ii wi a Cadko ri a lo

muta jo mbi ar abur ena nanna ye.

33

Lî Asa aye taŋa Aye ti ayi-ken, guarko wi alit in kucuŋ-kodo fur-fur ninda kua nisa to sona tuaken, gani koy duaŋgi tua-ken, “Aye ti aya” miraye. In ken kiminn̰ mbo ka kaaddusar mbo koadokosi mbo bi atasi mbo kul sa nuagultaŋ toro jalala ige-de, aye tinisiŋin ilisiye.

Aye ti ŋgaari nda tua-ken ti asiyoŋ? Sura gi ambindilti. Aayŋge noŋ gani noŋ

aye noŋ buartu ti alo i abinin, aasuro gani ta gi ayo toarocin, aayŋge du saŋan ayo tinisiŋndi-ken gani duaŋgi tuakasi.

In ken mi “Aye ti aya” miraye. Yagu aye ti ti asindaye, aasuro gani ta lo

toarociceye.

34

Lî Asa aAyŋge taŋa Aayŋge ti ayi-ken, ti aye noŋ guarko wi alit in kucuŋ-kodo kaaw-kaaw fur-fur ninda kua nisa to sona tua-ken, ganii tuum fayit duaŋgi tuakasi. In ken aayŋge ti ayan ka tuu salata rakann̰ mbara igenise, tuu du Mulo uaruji. Aayŋge tiro ŋgaari nda tua-ken ti asiyoŋ? Sura gi ambindilti. Aayŋge noŋ aye noŋ gani noŋ buartu ti alo i abinin, aasuro aye ta gi ganu toarocin, “Aayŋge ti aya” miraye.

Yagu aye ti sibina lo ganu kooy toarocicendaye. Haagudu gani ti

naamalanjari gi yen, aye du ganu namalanje yen, in ken li asa aayŋge taŋa kaaddu i andinasindaye.

In ken “Aayŋge ti aya” miraye. Yagu aayŋge ti ti asindaye, aasuro aye ta lo ganu

toarociceye.

35

KaAwkabta Kaawkabta i ganii lo aayŋgo namalanje ye. Haagudu i aya ye, tuu sonaa ye, tuu du kaaddunjar ye. Gani mi mindag koy inta mana ye. Aayŋge ti ni ayembo kaaddi ye: kaawkabta kooy odoronan koy kaaddikandi aayŋge ta gu warkindiye. Aayŋge ba taŋi nanna yan, gani mi minda gi aatiye nanna de ye, ti tindam.

Kaawkabtam ti de sina gi Utarit te, haagudu ti aayŋge mbo munje lo

ni ayembo unn̰nn̰a ye. Kaawkabtam ti de aayŋge molo nn̰elle na gi Nibtan te. Yagu ti de nn̰elle na gi alle Bulutu yere, Bulutu ti ni ayembo sona yaka, kaawkabta molo sule ela.

Haagudu kaawkabtam ti de kaaddi gi Muchtara ye. Muchtara ti kaaddikandi

to gani minda gi taŋ ganii aadumo (1000) tuati. Haagudu kaawkabtam ti de nomonn̰e gi Zuhal te ire. Tiro nn̰elle lo jeren koy guarta wi alit in naamalanjarna i ajiri.

Kaawkab Zahra ti ganim ni ayembo munje yen tiro kiye noŋ de mesere, yagu

ti koy kaawkab te, ka Masaraa i tiro Gi arfe Caciŋ uri.

36

Ŋgo ken sa teAri?

Unn̰kandi kaaddi tua-ken, sulo saa barta ni aŋa molo madari ni aŋa molo kooy

ti aŋ dole yon, aaguri ki arima gu ko wanarkin turburuŋin ti aran aîbiyari uakasiye. Aabiyari ti aran ni ayembo lirra kua so irneye.

Haagudu yoamko-yoamko aaguri ni ayembo kaaddi tua-ken, saa nirnee ila wo dole

laso turburi-ken kiyeje kua uarasire.

37

WaAlak geya sa taŋ

Waalak geya sa ta gi ti aîbiyari molo ni anjari ye. Di anjara ta gu aabiyar so nirnaŋtiŋa ila wo aaguri torfolin ki arimkandi mbo ti aran muakul njuŋŋa kua, ri akirnu wasu unn̰e. Wasi aabiyar ni a gi ti ni ajirinda ye, yagu aabiyar ni aŋ di asir mana gi in

ninda ye : — —, tiro salib uriye. Haagudu aabiyar ganim munje ware-ken, ganim mo wasu ni ajirindo but unn̰e, wasi gi ti du in ninda ye : + +, tiro mujib uriye. In

ken wasi aabiyar ni a gi mbo wasi gani ta gi mbo but-buta yen, wasi aabiyar ni ag suar gani ta gu toddore.

In ken wasi nuasura ili lo haabuto ti arfilin “Masalŋgi ti arfila” miraye.

Masalŋgi ti ni ayembo unn̰nn̰a lo ki arimkandi aaguri ta ti arfilin taanarŋireye. Yagu aabiyar i de koy wasii but-but unn̰anan, dole waalak ige.

Haagudu sa ti waalak tige gu jere yagun tuari gu ginendan, sa nn̰elle ye. Ba

waalak ken tuari gu gine-ken, sa munje ye. Haagudu waalak geya mbo guariya mbo gea de sero gine-ken, sa ni ayembo munje ye.

38

Masalŋgi

Masalŋgi ti sa tare-ken, fi atte noŋ goa ndil goa ndil neno ni ajiri ye, ka Masaraa i “Aatiye kana molo aatiye kanam tindireye” ire. Haagudu gani tindila ilim ka tuu di akko tenjere ire. Haagudu “Masalŋgi taŋ njori kaŋ mesere” ire. Ila i furŋgi noŋ, rayŋgi noŋ koaŋgi noŋ ye.

Yagu masalŋgu tiro ka kooy osi gi ti sa sesseka tige-ilim, aayŋge taŋ nn̰i aram

sesseka wo inisiŋin, njori but-but îjiriye. Njori ila i mâri ye, i âyŋge taŋa nisam mo ninda ye, yagu sa kuayendan mi meserndaye. Njori mâri na ila i furŋgi noŋ, fur-fur ninda noŋ âbunati noŋ rayŋgi noŋ zari noŋ nîli noŋ binifsaji noŋ ye.

39

KuAmaci Kuma ti de cukaŋgi Cad mana gi ti Îmi Kûsi uriye. Ti gani tinda gi Cad mo rî kûmaci Tîbisti ira ila mo ye. Hâgudu cukankandi to du 3,4 km ye.

Hâgudu Sudan mo kuma ti de cukaŋgi gi ti Jabal Marre ye, ti cukankandi

to 3,1 km ye.

Hâgudu Kuma Kamiron uri gi ti dôla Kamiron mo ye, ti kuamaci tuu ila

molo ti de cukaŋgi ye. Cukankandi to 4,1 km ye.

Hâgudu gani Afrikiya ta gim kooy kuma ti de cukaŋgi gi ti Kilimanjaro

uri gi ye, ti dôla Tanzaniya mo ye. Ti cukankandi to 5,9 km ye.

Hâgudu kuma dîniyam kooy ti de cukaŋgi gi ti Eberes uri ye, ti gani tinda

gi du Asiya mo ye, dôla Nebal ye. Cukankandi to du 8,8 km ye.

Hâgudu ka tuu ganii muhitta nîŋa koy abur enaye. Abur ena-gim, ganii

kooy sawa yande, tuu tûkunn̰i tuu ŋgûrumi ye. Yagun ti de ŋgûrumi gi Mariyana uriye. Ti doala Filibin mbo munje ye, muhit ti tinda gi Muhit al Hadi mo ye. Hâgudu cukankandi to 11 km ye.

In ken cukankandi muhit ta di asir na gi kûmaci molo cukaŋgi ye.

40

Gî Ajik geya gani taŋ (Zî Alzal) Gani ba gi ajik tenani ŋgaaru tigeyoŋ? Gani gi ajik tenani, haabutoo i amana wi a

kaaddur waarmi, haagudu ka wo koy kidiresin tayawe.

Yagu gani ti ŋgo ken gi ajik tigegiye? Gani ti kuburkunn̰i ta dole na gi âbi ye.

Dîsir na gi du ndara ye. Ndârasi i ganii tuu nunn̰uŋa ye. Ndârasi molo dîsir du

nîyembo unn̰nn̰a ye, unn̰kandi ili ndaro sîr tenndenin kâciŋ ndara taŋa wânjafirnin, ganii gîjik-gîjik tigegiye.

41

BuArkan

Buarkan ti gani molo nînjari ye. Kuma molo dîsir nîyembo unn̰nn̰a lo,

unn̰kandi kûmaci dîsir na nn̰an lakan ndaro konn̰oŋ nînjari ye.

Tîŋari-gim, sualo unn̰nn̰a mbo fualfundi mbo kojojomari mbo kooy tîŋar dole

yon wârcawi, nâlkana unn̰nn̰a wî du tîŋar saa noŋ de fâw ke ganu inn̰aye.

Bûrkan tîŋaran, hâbutoo tiro mbo munje ninda wî kooy tinn̰e, hâgudu ka

koy kâddur îsi. Yagun gani bûrkan tinn̰ana gi, ûjim hâbutoo îndisaŋan nîyembo kalla ûkasi.

Kuma Îmi Kûsi Cad mana gim alle tîŋaranniyere, yagun hâgu tîŋarndiye.

Hâgudu kuma Jabal Marre Sudan mana gim bûrkan tîŋar-kodo lân narniŋa ye,

hâgu tîŋartiyoŋ tîŋarndiyoŋ mosende. Hâgudu Kuma Kamiron ti alle nîŋara ye, yagun hâkkoy ûyom koy tîŋarti. In ken bûrkanta i tuu nîyaa, tuu narniŋaa, tuu nîjirii koy indaye.

Bûrkanta dîniyam nînaŋaa wî i: kuma Karkatowa Ândunusiya na gi noŋ,

kuma Fele jaazire Martinik na gi noŋ, hâgudu kuma San Heleniz Amirika na gi

noŋ ye. Yagu bûrkan dîniyam ti de kâddi gi Mawna Luwa ye, ti jaazirenn̰ Hawayi Amirika na gi mo ye.

42

Kanaa bokonn̰a Kanaa saa ni îŋa * Sa: sa ba ira-ken i mbara ye, nirne mbo ûlle mbo ye.

* Irara: irara ba ira-ken cerettiye sa taran saa naŋ idam noyke gi ye. * Ida: ida ba ira-ken irarann̰ naŋ saa ti tindam oynin, ti du madaldim naŋ noyke gi ye.

* Madaldi: madaldi ba ira-ken idaa saa naŋ ti tindam oynin, ti du naŋ bahar mo noyke gi ye.

* Kûdo: kûdo ba ira-ken madaldi kaaciŋe mo yoŋ ida kâddi ta kâciŋe mo yoŋ, saa ganu ŋgûrumu ûllaŋin saa tîran îndinasi ili lo kûdo ye.

* Kurti: kurti ba ira-ken gani ŋgûrumim saa jîm ke sefim koy nîndinasi ili ye.

* Nakakare: nakakare ba ira-ken saa sefim koy kuma mo lo yoŋ ida mo lo yoŋ, saa tînjaru ninn̰ari ila wo nakakare uriye.

* Rad: rad ba ira-ken, gani dîrim nenam saa tîran kâddur nûŋunje ila wo rad uriye.

* Tûnjuki: tûnjuki ba ira-ken saa gani tûkunn̰i molo ŋgûrumim nûcuci gu tuanjuki uriye.

* Nahar: nahar ba ira-ken saa tebet de ninn̰ari gi ye. * Bahar: bahar ba ira-ken saa kâddur ne ganu wâsiyo nula, madari yoŋ naharta yoŋ saa naŋ ti tindam oyke gi ye.

* Muhit: muhit ba ira-ken ti bahar molo nîyembo kâddi gi ye.

43

DoAlann̰ mbo asimann̰ mbo Afrikiya Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Afrik al Wusta

Baŋgi

Li abiriya

Monrofiya

Aŋgola

Luwanda

Li abiya

Tarabalus

Benin

Borti Nofo

Lisoto

Masiru

Botsuwana

Gaboron

Madagachgar

Antananarifo

Burkina Faso

Wagadugu

Malawi

Liloŋwe

Buarundi

Bujumbura

Mali

Bamako

Cad

Anjimena

Maasar

Gahira

Gabon

Li abrafil

Mogorib

Ribat

Gambiya

Banjul

Morichos

Borti Luwis

Gana

Akra

Mozambik

Mabuto

Giniya

Konakri

Muritaniya

Nuwakchot

Giniya Bi asaw

Bi asaw

Namibiya

Winhok

Giniya Istiwa-Iya

Malabo

Nenjer

Niyame

Irritiriya

Asmara

Ni anjiriya

Abuja

Jazar al Gamar

Moroni

Ras al Akdar

Baraya

Jazayir

Jazayir

Ruwanda

Kigali

Ji abuti

Ji abuti

Saw Tome wa Birinsibi Saw Tome

Junub Afrikiya

Biritoriya

Sawaziland

Mbabane

Junub Sudan

Juba

Sayil al Aj

Yamusukuro

Kamiron

Yawunde

Sichal

Fiktoriya

Ki aniya

Nayrobi

Sinigal

Dakar

Koaŋgo

Barazafil

Sira Li ayun

Firitawun

Sudan

Kaartum

Koaŋgo Di ammukuratiya Kinchasa 44

Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Sumal

Mogadichu

Uganda

Kambala

Tanzaniya

Dodoma

Usubiya

Addis Ababa

Togo

Lome

Zambiya

Lusaka

Tunis

Tunis

Zimbabwe

Harare

Uîrubba Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Alamaniya

Baarlin

Irlanda

Dablin

Albaniya

Tirana

Isbaniya

Madrid

Andora

Andora la Fella

Islanda

Rekyafik

Beljika

Buruksel

Italiya

Roma

Belarus (Ruasiya Beda) Minsk

Jabal Aswad

Bodgorika

Biritaniya

London

Korowatiya

Zagreb

Bolanda

Warsaw

Kosofo

Brichtina

Bosniya Heresik

Sarayefo

Latfiya

Riga

Bulgariya

Sofiya

Lichtanchtayin

Faduz

Burtugal

Lichbona

Lituwaniya

Filniyus

Cik

Barag

Loksomborig

Loksomborig

Denmark

Koabanhagan

Majar

Budabest

Estoniya

Tallin

Makadoniya

Skobfi

Faransa

Baris

Malta

Falletta

Fatikan

Fatikan

Monako

Monako

Finlanda

Helsinki

Moldofiya

Kichinaw

Hoalanda

Amsterdam

Namsa

Fiyena

45

Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Narwij

Oslo

Solofiniya

Lyublyana

Romaniya

Bukarest

Suwed

Stokholm

Ruasiya

Mosko

Suwisra

Bern

San Marino

San Marino

Ukraniya

Kiyef

Serbiya

Belgrad

Yunan

Asina

Solofakiya

Baratislafa

Asiya Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Afganistan

Kabul

Irak

Bagdad

Aandunusiya

Jakarta

Iran

Taahran

Arminiya

Yerefan

Israyil

Tel Abib

Azerbijan

Baku

Jaazirenn̰ Maldif

Male

Bahren

Manama

Jorjiya

Tibilisi

Bakistan

Islam-abad

Kambodiya

Binom Benh

Baŋgladech

Daka

Kazakistan

Astana

Burnay

Bandar Siri Begawan

Kirjistan

Bichkik

Butan

Timfu

Kuariya Chimaliya

Biyoŋ Yaŋ

Filibin

Manila

Kuariya Junubiya

Sol

Fitnam

Hanoy

Kuwet

Kuwet

Gabrus

Nikosiya

Lawus

Fiyentiyan

Gatar

Dowha

Lubnan

Bayrut

Hi and

Ni ayu Delhi

Maliziya

Kuwala Lambur

Imarat al

Abu Zabi

Miyanmar (Burma) Naybidaw

Arabiya al Muttahida

46

Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Moŋgoliya

Ulan Bator

Taylanda

Baŋkok

Nebal

Katmandu

Taywan

Taybeh

Oman

Masgat

Timor Chargiya

Dili

Sin

Beyjiŋ

Tuarkiya

Aŋgara

Siŋgafora

Siŋgafora

Turkministan

Achg-abad

Siri Laŋka

Koalombo

Urdun

Amman

Suadiye Arabiya

Riyad

Uzbekistan

Tachgand

Suriya

Dimachk

Yaban

Toakiyo

Tajikistan

Duchanbe

Yaman

San-a

Osturaliya mbo Ogoyanos mbo Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Babuwa Giniya Jadida Borti Morisbi

Mikoroniziya

Balikir

Balaw

Milikiyok

Nawuru

Yarin

Fanuwatu

Borti Fila

Ni ayu Zilanda

Weliŋton

Fiji

Sufa

Osturaliya

Kanbera

Jaazirenn̰ Marchal

Majuro

Samuwa

Abiya

Jaazirenn̰ Solomon

Honiyara

Toŋga

Nuku-alofa

Kiribati

Junub Tarawa

Tufalu

Funafuti

Amirika ri î nag Doîla

Al Salfador

Asima

Doîla

San Salfador

Asima

Banama

Banama Si ati

Antiguwa wa Barbuda San Joniz

Barbados

Birijtawun

Bahamas

Beliz

Balmoban

Nassaw 47

Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Dominika

Rozayo

Kuaba

Hafana

Grenada

San Jorjiz

Meksik

Meksiko Si ati

Guwatimala

Guwatimala Si ati

Nikaraguwa

Managuwa

Haayti

Borto Birins

San Finsen wa

Kiŋstawun

Honduras

Tigusigalba

San Kits wa Nifis

Basitir

Jamayka

Kiŋston

Sant Lusiya

Kastriz

Jamhuriyat

Santo Domiŋgo

Tirinidad wa Tobago Borti of Siban

Kanada

Ottawa

Wilayat al Muttahida Wachiŋton al-

Kosta Rika

San Hose

Girenadin

Dominikan al Amirikiya

Asima

Amirika muta nag Doîla

Asima

Doîla

Asima

Arjantin

Buwenos Ayres

Ekuwador

Kuwito

Baraguway

Asunsiyon

Fanizwela

Karakas

Barazil

Baraziliya

Guyana

Jorijtawun

Bi aro

Li ama

Koalombiya

Bogota

Bolifiya

La Baz

Surinam

Baramaribo

Cili

Santiyago

Uruguway

Montifidiyo

48

Dora kitab gi taŋa Kitab tiro molo kanaa kaîddur mula gi : Ya Luta Tamo (Our World) (1994) SIL Philippines Karitann̰ munduŋa wi î :

Hilleje Masaraa ni aŋa ni aŋ waragann̰ 4 mbo 5 mbo mana wi a karitann̰ wi a wo si akal haagudu ka wi a wo mi arkarna ambindila munduŋa: •

Carte Internationale du Monde 1/1 000 000 Abeécheé ND-34 (1965) Institut Geeographique National, Paris

•

Preéfecture du Ouaddai, Sous-Preéfecture d'Adreé, Carte au 1/200,000 (Jan 1995)

•

Tchad: Reégion du Ouaddai (OCHA, Juin 2010)

•

Eastern Chad: Humanitarian Planning Map (OCHA, Jan 2009)

•

Western Darfur Administrative map (OCHA, Jan-Feb 2010)

File name: Map 28 SU-DAR-PLAN-10_A3_06Oct09_Western Darfur AdministrativeMap.pdf •

El Geneina Locality Planning Map (OCHA, December 2008) File name: Map 1368 SU-DAR-PLAN-

•

03_A3_081217_El_Geneina_Planning_Map.pdf a a Mahamat Zen, Ahmat Siyam Arbab, Aali Yakub Idris, Dahiye Idris Kamis, Ibrahim Juma, Annur Juma

Karita kontonn̰ hilleje Masaraa inda gi w. 6 na gu, kitab gi molo kul rogol munduŋa:

Le Rouvreur, Albert (1962) Sahariens et Saheéliens du Tchad, Editions BergerLevrault, Paris, w. 167

Haagudu karita Cad ta w. 7 na gu, wi a molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=4992&lang=en

http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=14792&lang=en Karita Sudan ta w. 9 na gu, wi a molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=4950&lang=en

http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=14770&lang=en 49

Karita Afrikiya ta w. 11 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa:

http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=736&lang=en Karita Uarubba ta w. 13 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=2232&lang=en Karita Asiya ta w. 15 na gu, gi molo rogol munduŋa:

http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=54&lang=en Karita Osturaliya mbo Ogayanos mbo nene w. 17 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa:

http://www.freeworldmaps.net/oceania/index.html Karita Antartika ta w. 17 na gu, kitab gi molo kul rogol munduŋa: Ya Luta Tamo (Our World) (1994) SIL Philippines, w. 26 Karita Amirika ri a na gi mbo Amirika muta na gi mbo nene w. 18 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa:

http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=1424&lang=en

Haagudu karita haabutoo Amirika muta na gi ta w. 21 na gu wi a wo si akal rogol munduŋa:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes

http://www.mapsofworld.com/physical-map/south-america.htm Karita di aniya ta w. 23 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://www.freeworldmaps.net/outline/maps/world-map-outline.gif Karita mearenja aayŋge taŋa mbo ruabura aaguri taŋa mbo nene w. 25 na gu, gi molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php? num_car=13183&lang=en

Haagudu karita Cadko gani kaŋ nenn̰eŋera w. 24 na gu gi molo kul rogol munduŋa: http://www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=14793&lang=en Haagudu wi a koy mi akala awun ambena:

50

Atlas du Tchad (2012) Les eeditions du Jaguar, Paris – France, w. 81

Geography of Chad https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Chad Surann̰ kitab gi taŋa : Surann̰ kitab gi taŋa tuu Internet mo raku mulaye, ila wi a lo i ye: Karita di aniya ta (kuburkunn̰i)

http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/black-globe-clip-art-vector36246950 Buaruj Ifol (w. 12)

Eiffel Tower https://openclipart.org/detail/217556/simple-eiffel-tower Bi ag Ban (w. 12) http://www.coloringsun.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Famous-TourismDestination-Big-Ben-Coloring-Page.jpg

Maranjan (w. 16) Printable Coral Reef Coloring Sheet http://coloringcafe.com/coloring-pages/coral-reef/ Tuanjuki Anjil (w. 20) Angel Falls (Salto Angel) by Tomaszp - Own work, CC BYSA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7295823 Kema (w. 26) Berber-tent-in-the-desert by Stephane Vandenwyngaert http://www.freeimages.com/photo/berber-tent-in-the-desert-1486967 Taŋ ka Musgumta ni aŋa (w. 26)

Musgum house "Maison obus". Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maison_obus.jpg#/media/File:Maison _obus.jpg

Taŋ nahar Amizon ninda wi a mana tu (w. 27) Peru river house http://www.hobotraveler.com/2008-0109-Iquitos-Peru-FloatingHouse-and-Camera.shtml

51

Karita Cad aye mbo abur ena gi (w. 33)

http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/chad_regions_blank.png Haagudu suarann̰ tuu w. 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20-21, 23, 32 ninda wi a wo du, SIL International Illustrations : The Art of Reading 2.0 (2001) molo mulaye. Haagudu suarann̰ tuu w. 26 molo 42 ninda wi a du kitab Ya Luta Tamo (Our World) (1994) SIL Philippines molo mulaye.

Kitabta atlasta wi î mi îkala ni îyembo awun ambenaye : •

World Atlas ‫العالم‬

‫ أطلس‬sene (2013), ‫القاهرةق دارالطل ئع‬

•

Atlas du Tchad (2012) Les eeditions du Jaguar, Paris - France

•

‫فرنسا‬, Jaguar ‫دار انشر‬

•

Flags and Facts (2010) Picthall & Gunzi, UK

)2013(

‫أطلس تشاد‬

Kanaa wi î wo du Internet mo marka awun ambenaye : •

Geography of Chad https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Chad

•

Geography of Sudan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sudan

•

Lightning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning

•

Lightning - Weather Wiz Kids http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weatherlightning.htm

•

Volcanoes – Weather Wiz Kids http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weathervolcano.htm

52