Idea Transcript
NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-25-958860-0 MHID: 1-25-958860-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-25-958859-4, MHID: 1-25-958859-9. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
To health professionals everywhere for their dedication to improving the health and well-being of children and families; To mothers, fathers, and families across the globe who drive, ride, fly, and walk across cities, states, jungles, and deserts every day in search of answers and cures for their ill children; To our teachers for their patience, faith, and inspiration during the formative stages of our careers; and To our families for the love, support, and sacrifices that have made us who we are today.
CONTENTS CONSULTING AND SECTION EDITORS CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
VOLUME ONE SECTION 1 Foundations in Pediatric Practice and Child Health Section Editors: Jean L. Raphael and Angelo P. Giardino PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF PEDIATRICS AND CHILD CARE 1 Evolution of Pediatric Practice Thomas G. DeWitt and Neal Halfon 2 Decision-Making in Pediatrics: Use of Evidence-Based Medicine Suresh Nagappan and Kenneth B. Roberts 3 Communication with Children and Families Elizabeth A. Rider 4 Interviewing Techniques Christopher F. Bolling 5 Law, Ethics, and Clinical Judgment Thomas Wm. Mayo, Perry Ann Reed, and Angelo P. Giardino
PART 2 SYSTEMS OF CARE 6 US Healthcare System Jean L. Raphael and Angelo P. Giardino 7 Population Health Management and Pediatrics Heidi Schwarzwald and Charles G. Macias 8 Patient and Family–Centered Care and the Patient-Centered Medical Home Scott R. Callahan, Mona E. Mansour, and Jeffrey M. Simmons 9 Systems of Practice and Office Management Peter Margolis and Eric Williams 10 Environmental Pediatrics Ruth A. Etzel PART 3 HEALTH MAINTENANCE 11 Well-Child Care Judith S. Shaw and Judith S. Palfrey 12 Oral Health Supervision Ada M. Fenick and Rosalyn M. Sulyanto 13 Complementary and Integrative Pediatrics Anju Sawni and Sanghamitra M. Misra 14 Health Disparities in Practice Sakena Abedin and Michelle Lopez
SECTION 2 Nutrition Section Editor: Dennis Bier 15 Normal Nutritional Requirements Catherine Larson-Nath and Praveen S. Goday 16 Breastfeeding Lauren Fiechtner, Alyssa Robinson, and Ronald Kleinman 17 Infant Formula and Complementary Foods
Sarah M. Phillips and Robert J. Shulman 18 Postdischarge Nutrition for the Premature Infant Amy B. Hair and Diane M. Anderson 19 Nutritional Issues: Toddler to Adolescent Sravan Reddy Matta and Praveen S. Goday 20 Assessment of Nutritional Adequacy Vi Lier Goh and Praveen S. Goday 21 Childhood Undernutrition in Resource-Limited Settings Indi Trehan and Mark J. Manary 22 Poor Weight Gain Teresa Duryea and Kathleen J. Motil 23 Feeding Difficulties in Infants and Children Carol A. Redel 24 The Overweight or Obese Child Teresia O’Connor, Stephanie Sisley, and Fida Bacha 25 Specialized Nutrition Support Kristi King and Robert J. Shulman 26 Nutritional Access Devices Kathleen M. Leack, Janel A. Meyer, and Linda S. Flannery
SECTION 3 Social-Environmental Factors Section Editors: Christopher S. Greeley and Andrea G. Asnes 27 Families in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Families Laurie J. Bauman and Ruth E. K. Stein 28 Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress Andrea G. Asnes and Christopher S. Greeley 29 Resiliency in Children and Adolescents Cary Cain, Kimberly Kay Lopez, and Saul Levine 30 Poverty, Homelessness, and Social Disorganization Barry S. Zuckerman and Aura M. Obando
31 Family Discord and Divorce Michael Jellinek 32 Family and Community Violence Renée Boynton-Jarrett and Robert Sege 33 Teen Dating Violence Jeff R. Temple and Constance M. Wiemann 34 Child Trafficking Reena Isaac and Salina Mostajabian 35 Infant Colic Krista Preisberga and Joyee Goswami Vachani 36 Child Maltreatment: Neglect to Abuse Andrea G. Asnes and John M. Leventhal 37 Factitious Disorder by Proxy Herbert Schreier 38 Foster Care and Adoption Brad D. Berman and Carol Cohen Weitzman 39 Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect: What Pediatricians Can Do Wendy Gwirtzman Lane and Howard Dubowitz
SECTION 4 Newborn Section Editors: Gautham K. Suresh and Haresh Kirpalani PART 1 CARE OF THE NEWBORN 40 Historical Perspectives Haresh Kirpalani and Gautham K. Suresh 41 Care of the Fetus Rodrigo Ruano 42 Fetal Therapy Natalie Rintoul, Anne Ades, and N. Scott Adzick 43 Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity Avroy A. Fanaroff
44 Delivery Room Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant Elizabeth E. Foglia and Myra H. Wyckoff 45 Transitional Changes in the Newborn Satyan Lakshminrusimha and David P. Carlton 46 Examination of the Newborn Infant John Flibotte and Ganga Gokulakrishnan 47 Postnatal Care and Observation of Low-Risk Newborns George Thomas Mandy and Anthony Ernest Burgos PART 2 INFANTS AT RISK 48 Multiple Births Elizabeth V. Asztalos 49 The Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant William W. Hay, Jr. 50 Infant of a Diabetic Mother Heather M. French and Rebecca A. Simmons PART 3 NONSPECIFIC NEONATAL CONDITIONS 51 Approach to the Cyanotic Infant Satyan Lakshminrusimha and Robin H. Steinhorn 52 Lung Abnormalities in the Newborn Marta Grisel Galarza and Ilene R. Sosenko 53 Disorders of Glucose, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance Paul J. Rozance, William W. Hay, Jr, and Clyde J. Wright 54 Neonatal Encephalopathy Girija Natarajan, Michael Weiss, C. Michael Cotten, and Seetha Shankaran 55 Hematologic Abnormalities in the Newborn Chad Andersen, Amy Keir, Nicolette A. Hodyl, and Michael Stark 56 Neonatal Jaundice Mohan Pammi, Henry C. Lee, and Gautham K. Suresh
PART 4 DISORDERS SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO PR...