Idea Transcript
~IEEE
TRAN SACTI 0 NS
ON
MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES FEBRUARY 1985
VOLUME MTT-33
NUMBER
2
(ISSN 0018-9480)
A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES SOCIETY
PAPERS
Power-Handling Capabilities of Circular Dielectric Waveguide at Millimeter Wavelengths ................ D. G. Jablonski 85-115-GHz Receivers for Radio Astronomy ............................ D. P. Woody, R. E. Miller, and M. J. Wengler Field Theory Design of Rectangular Waveguide Broad-Wall Metal-Insert Slot Couplers for Millimeter-Wave Applications .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Arndt, B. Koch, H..-J. Orlok, and N. Schroder 12-GHz-Band GaAs Dual-Gate MESFET Monolithic Mixers ....................... T. Sugiura, K. Honjo, and T. Tsuji Variational Analysis of Ridged Waveguide Modes ..................................................... Y. Utsumi The Electric-Field Problem of an lnterdigital Transducer in a Multilayered Structure ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. M. van den Berg, W. J. Ghijsen, and A. Venema Computer Calculation of Large-Signal GaAs FET Amplifier Characteristics ................ A. Materka and T. Kacprzak Short Millimeter Wavelength Mixer with Low Local Oscillator Power ....................................... W. Hant
85 90 95 105 111 121 129 135
SHORT PAPERS
Exact Wave Resistanc(f.of Coaxial Regular Polygonal Conductors ...................................... R. Terakado Analysis of the Transmission Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Grounded Finlines ............................ . A. Beyer Phase-Matched Waveguide Using the Artificial Anisotropic Structure and its Application to a Mode Converter ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Mizumoto, H. Yamazaki, and Y. Naito A Design Method of Bandpass Filters Using Dielectric-Filled Coaxial Resonators .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Sagawa, M. Makimoto, and S. Yamashita Conservation Laws for Distributed Four-Ports .......................................... 0. Schwelb and R. Antepyan A Broad-Band Directional Coupler for Both Dielectric and Image Guides .................. R. J. Collier and G. Hjipieris An Iterative Moment Method for Analyzing the Electromagnetic Field Distribution inside Inhomogeneous Lossy Dielectric Objects .......................................................................... M. F. Sultan and R. Mittra On the Graceful Degradation Performance of Multiple-Device Oscillators .................. S. Sarkar and M. C. Agrawal
143 145 149 152 157 161 163 168
LETTERS
Comments on "EM Local Heating with HF Electric Fields" ........................... M. J. Hagmann and K-M. Chen Comments about "On the Definition of Parameters in Ferrite-Electromagnetic Wave Interactions" ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. M. A. Eid and L. Lewin
171
N. R. Dietrich
174
PATENT ABSTRACTS ..................., .............•...........................................
172
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IEEE
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THEORY
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TECHNIQUES,
85
MTT-33, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1985
VOL.
Power-Handling Capabilities of Circular Dielectric Waveguide at Millimeter Wavelengths DANIEL
Abstract’-The
power-handling
gnide propagating illustrate guides
imposed
are presented
at 70 GHz.
circular
dielectric
orders
of a circular
dielectric
the single HE ~, mode are discussed. Simple
the limits
Examples
capabilities
G. JABLONSKI,
by dielectric
for polystyrene
The
results
waveguide
heating that
and dielectric
maximum
in the millimeter-wave
of 10 to 100 W and that dielectric
(PTFE) levels
for
will be of the
is the fimiting
phenome-
non.
1.
T
HERE
HAS
magnetic
considerable
properties
ever, there has been little, handling
capabilities
study of the electro-
of a dielectric
waveguide.
if any, mention
How-
of the power-
of such a guide. This is not surprising,
as dielectric waveguide is primarily of interest at millimeter wavelengths, where levels of available power are rather low. Given the current amount of activity aimed at developing high-power millimeter wavelength sources, though, it seems useful to perform at least a simple study of the power
limitations
There in
this
of a typical
are three physical regard.
The
known
in conjunction
voltage
insulators.
results from principle, Raman
power
dielectric
first,
is well
the use of dielectrics
as high-
The second is dielectric
cause the waveguide and
Brillouin
heating,
which
in the dielectric
and can, in
to melt. Finally,
stimulated
scattering
are of great
concern
to
designers of optical-fiber systems. This is because the wavelength of a guided mode is sufficiently small for the optical signal
to interact
purities
in
importance
with
lattice
the dielectric. at millimeter
vibrations,
However,
defects,
scattering
wavelengths,
only because of the extremely
and im-
is of little
and is mentioned
close connection
between
the
circular dielectric waveguide and an optical fiber. Dielectric breakdown and dielectric heating are disussed in turn. Examples of dielectric breakdown and dielectric heating are given for various materials utilized as circular dielectric however,
waveguide at 70 GHz. The discussion begins, with a brief review of the properties of the HE1l
mode in a dielectric
The HE1l
mode has received much attention,
of polytetrafluoroethylene
surrounded
by air. Hence,
the free-space
and only a
usually
or polyst yrene be equal to c ~,
permittivity.
The field components are given by Stratton cylinder
(PTFE)
c1 will
of the allowed
[1]. Provided
is less than a critical
can propagate.
This critical
propagation
modes
that the radius
a of the
radius
ao, only a single mode
radius is shown by Cullen
[2] to
occur when (la)
Jo(x)=o where x = 27raO(61/eO)l’2(6r
breakdown,
attenuation
DIELECTRIC-ROD
–1)1’2/X0.
(lb)
that are of interest
dielectric
with
OF THE
few important points will be discussed here. A section of dielectric guide is sketched in Fig. 1. The guide consists of a cylinder of dielectric constant c ~ imbedded in a medium of dielectric constant cl. Typically, the guide consists of a
waveguide.
phenomena
PROPERTIES
WAVEGUIDE
cylinder
INTRODUCTION
BEEN
II.
IEEE
breakdown.
power
spectnrm
heating
wave-
MEMBER,
calculations
and prdytetrafluoroethylene
suggest
SENIOR
cylinder.
Manuscript received April 16, 1984; revised August 16, 1984. This work was supported by the Navaf Surface Weapons Center under an Independent Research Grant. The author is with the Navaf Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, Silver Spring, MD 20910.
U.S. Government
JO is the ordinary Bessel function of the first kind. The relative dielectric constant c,, is defined as c~/cl, and A ~ is the free-space
wavelength
As an example, 70 GHz,
A.=
4.3 mm.
x = 2.405. Hence, mm. The single brid
longitudinal
which
the HE1l
the radius
size is decreased,
wave.
first
zero
of
a. is found
propagates
when
as the HE1l
at
to be 1.58
a
surface
I
@el=@e2
a+e, = o 6%
‘
where n = inn, the normal shown in Fig. 2.
on magnetic
wall
(3b)
vector on each surface or wall as
n(Y)=o,
=71(Y)>
for the trial
eigenfunction
on 12, lb, 1~, and 16
(5b)
on
13
(5C)
on
15.
The relation between q(y) and $(y) is described later for the TM modes. The integral (A)sl for the cross-sectional area S, and the contour integral (A)=, for the contour pass
UTSUMI
: VARIATIONAL
ANALYSIS
OF RIDGED
WAVEGUIDE
113
MODES
as
The left-hand
(A)~l=~s~.dx.dy
IV.
C, are defined
side of (9) is also stationary
for ~.,.
STATIONARY FORMULA FOR RIDGED WAVEGUIDE
(A).,
= ~b~aA.
dx.dy
Applying
(A)c, =~’Alx.o”dy +~lY.s. o +
OAIX=,. dy +
/
dx
/1‘A
=J~”d’+l:”d’:JA”d’+ 1
the TE constraint
conditions
on 12 and Id that
dOhl/ dn = O and the TE boundary condition on 11 that ;Yt;~~ we find the trial eigenfunction in region I (O< x <
~=o.dx
where
lA”d’ 4
3
m: integer (A)c2=
~b4x=, ”dy
f&=,”dy+
s
o
+ j=AIY=~.dx+~OAIX=..dy
+ ~’AIY=o”dx
=-i:”d’-l;”:-i: In
Appendix
minimize
”dl
I, we have
(4a) and (5a) with
proved
(6)
a
that
if
the constraint
Eigenfunction
Equation
Including
the TE constraint
= O, we
also
(t<
x l)=6n(n>l)
we should
function
$(y)
select the appropriate
which is proportional
for
=2. trial
cq. coskqy.
~ ‘$(Y)=
/
C~, &(y)
formulas
and
(A16)
into
(19)
of (21a) Ph = left-hand
side of (21a) (21b)
for
TM modes
is given by
(s’-y’)-(1’3),
Iyl