Anatomy Of The Senses

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SIGHT

WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE

Eye, Ear, Nose, Mouth

Anterior Eye Muscles Superior oblique Levator palpebrae superioris**

Central fissure Parietal lobe

Frontal lobe

Inferior parietal lobule

Sphenoid sinus

Superior rectus

Optic n.

Supramarginal gyrus

Trochlea

Lateral rectus

Medial rectus

Olfactory bulb (nasal sensory n.n.)

Temporal lobe Angular gyrus

Frontal sinus

Occipital lobe

Nasal bone

Parietooccipital sulcus

L. middle nasal concha

Transverse cerebral fissure

Middle nasal meatus Pharyngeal tonsil

Cerebellum

Inferior rectus Inferior oblique

Lateral Eye Muscles

Levator palpebrae superioris** Superior Trochlea Inferior nasal meatus oblique Hard palate** Superior Tympanic membrane Lateral palpebral (eardrum) rectus** Auditory tarsus (eustachian) tube Common Temporomandibular annular joint & capsule Tongue** tendon Nuchal l. Orbicularis oris m.** Inferior Head of the Soft palate (uvula) oblique mandible Genioglossus m.** Medial rectus Inferior rectus Cervical n.n. Mandible** Optic n. Spinal cord Geniohyoid m.** Eye: Retinal Rods & Cones Epiglottis Mylohyoid m.** Internal Hyoepiglottic l.** Hyoid bone** Retinal a. Retinal v. limiting lamina Pathway of light Transverse arytenoid m.** Thyroid cartilage** Lamina of Cricoid cartilage** Fibers of optic n. Vocal fold nerve fibers Abbreviations (stratum ** = cut Cricoid cartilage** Ganglion cells opticum) a. = artery L. = Left Nuclei l. = ligament Ganglionic m. = muscle lamina Amacrine cells n. = nerve Internal n.n. = nerves v. = vein Eye plexiform Nuclei lamina Ora serrata Bipolar cells Bipolar cells Greater arterial circle of iris Lateral rectus m. of internal Nuclei nuclear Sclera Sinus venosus of sclera Horizontal cells lamina (Schlemm canal) Choroid Nuclei Trabecular network Retina Synaptic zone External Cornea with rod spherules plexiform lamina Inferior & cone pedicles Posterior chamber temporal Nuclei of Anterior chamber External a. & v. rods & cones nuclear Lens: Cones lamina Cortex External Fovea (photoreceptors) Capsule limiting Rods centralis Nucleus lamina maculae (photoreceptors) Rods & cone luteae Schwalbe line Lamina outer segments of rods & Iris Photoreceptive cones lamellae Fibers of Pigmented Pigment cells ciliary zonule Central cells lamina Nuclei (suspensory l. Optic a. & v. Choroid of lens) of retina Pigmented n. II lamina Anterior ciliary v. layer of retina Lamina cribosa Ciliary process of retina Choroid Scleral Ciliary m.: Inferior nasal a. & v. lamina Ciliaris n. Meridional fibers Medial rectus m. Sclera Capsule Circular fibers Conjunctiva Capsule lamina Pathway of signal output L. inferior nasal concha

Inner ear (cochlea) (semicircular canals)

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SIGHT

Lacrimal System

Semilunar fold of conjunctiva Lacrimal lake Lacrimal caruncle Lacrimal canaliculus Fornix of lacrimal sac Medial palpebral l.** (anterior & posterior) Lacrimal sac Inferior lacrimal punctum Lacrimal papilla

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris Lacrimal gland: Orbital part Palpebral part Ducts of lacrimal gland Lateral Palpebral l.

Eye: Chambers & Structures

Anterior epithelium Anterior limiting (Bowman) membrane

Cornea

Substantia propria

Area of aqueous humor

Posterior limiting (Descemet) membrane Posterior epithelium (endothelium) Posterior surface

Tarsal (meibomian) glands behind superior & inferior tarsal plates Openings Orbital Opening of (transparent) of tarsal septum nasolacrimal duct Conjunctival ring glands Scleral sulcus Schwalbe line Corneoscleral junction Sinus venosus of sclera (canal of Schlemm) Collecting venules Scleral spur Conjunctiva Trabecular meshwork: Corneoscleral part Uveal part

Anterior chamber Trabecula & spaces of fontana Line of scleral spur Lesser arterial circle of iris Iris Anterior surface Pupillary margin (pupillary ruff) Radial folds Posterior surface Pigmented (posterior) epithelium

Anterior ciliary v.

Anterior surface

Iridocorneal angle

Sphincter m. of pupil

Greater arterial circle of iris

Dilator m. of pupil Posterior chamber

Ciliary muscle: Circular fibers Meridional fibers

Lens Lens nucleus

Ciliary process Lens cortex

Substantia propria sclerae corneal stroma

Posterior surface

Basal lamina

Vitreous (hyaloid) membrane anterior surface

Suprachoroidal space Sclera

HEARING

Ear

Auditory Ossicles Incudomalleolar joint Malleus (hammer):

Auditory ossicles: Stapes

Auricular cartilage (external acoustic meatus cartilage)

Lens capsule

Fibers of ciliary zonule (suspensory ligaments of lens)

Temporal bone Temporal m.m.

Vitreous body (humor)

Head Neck

Semicircular canals

Incus

Vestibular n.

Malleus

Lateral process Anterior process Manubrium (handle)

Epitympanic recess

Facial n. VII** Cochlear n.

Auricle

Cochlea

Incus (anvil): Short crus Body Stapes (stirrup): Long Posterior crus crus Base (footplate)

Anterior crus Head Incudostapedial joint Lenticular process of incus

Tensor tympani m. (continues through bone to malleus)

External acoustic meatus

Abbreviations

Tympanic membrane Stapedius m. Endolymphatic duct

Auditory (eustachian) tube

Round (cochlear) window Levator veli palatini m. 2

** = cut l. = ligament m. = muscle m.m. = muscles n. = nerve v. = vein

HEARING

Tympanic Cavity

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal & duct

Endolymphatic duct Saccule

Posterior semicircular canal & duct

Vestibular ganglion Facial n. VII** Cochlear n.

Endolymphatic sac Utricle

Vestibular n.

Lateral semicircular canal & duct Ampullae Scala vestibuli Stapedius m.

Vestibular membrane

Stapes (stirrup) in oval (vestibular) window Cochlear duct (see below) Tensor tympani m.

Tectorial membrane

Incus (anvil)

Scala tympani

Malleus (hammer) Cochlear duct (see below)

Ductus reuniens Spiral ganglion

Eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Round (cochlear) window (closed by secondary tympanic membrane)

Abbreviations



** = cut m. = muscle n. = nerve

Ear: Cochlear Duct Hensen stripe

Spiral organ (of Corti)

Acoustic hairs

Reticular lamina

Phalangeal process**

Scala vestibuli

Cells of Henson

Stria vascularis

Vestibular (Reissner) membrane

External wall of cochlear duct

Tectorial membrane

Vas prominens

Interdental cells Internal spiral sulcus

Spiral prominence

Inner hair cells

External spiral sulcus

Spiral limbus (transparent)

Cells of Claudius

Cochlear n. fibers Osseous spiral lamina

Basilar crest Basal membrane

Scala tympani Habenula perforata Afferent & efferent nerve endings Inner pillar (rod) cell Heads of pillars (rods) Tunnel of Corti Cochlear n. fibers 3

Cells of Deiters Outer hair cells Outer pillar (rod) cell Spiral vessel

SMELL

Nasal Septum Ethmoid bone Olfactory bulb Olfactory n.n.

Olfactory tract **

Frontal sinus

Sphenoidal sinus

Anterior ethmoidal n.

Sella turcica Septal branch of posterior ethmoidal a.

Anterior septal branch of anterior ethmoidal a.

Vomer

Septal cartilage

Posterior branch of sphenopalatine a.

Greater alar cartilage

Nasopalatine n.

Nasopalatine a. & n. in the incisive canal

Paranasal Sinuses Frontal sinus Nasofrontal canal Crista galli Opening of frontal sinus Ethmoidal cells Sella turcila Opening of sphenoidal sinus Sphenoidal sinus Superior nasal concha (turbinate) Nasolacrimal duct Abbreviations

Opening of maxillary sinus

** = cut a. = artery L. = Left n. = nerve n.n. = nerves R. = Right italics = bone features

Middle nasal concha (turbinate) Nasal septum Inferior nasal concha (turbinate) Opening of auditory (eustachian) tube Maxillary sinus Uvula

Nose: Olfactory Epithelium Brain**

Crista galli R. olfactory bulb (transparent) Projection neuron Granular cell Unmyelinated axons of olfactory n.

L. olfactory bulb

Schwann cell Mitral cell

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone**

Olfactory tract**

Cribriform foramen

Glomerulus

Olfactory n.n.

Olfactory glands (Bowman) Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone** Lamina propria Basement membrane Olfactory epithelium in nasal cavity Mucus layer Microvilli Olfactory sensory neuron Cilia

Axon of receptor cell L. nasal cavity Bundles of olfactory n. fibers

Nasal septum Odor molecules

Dendrite 4

Basal cell

Supporting cells

TASTE

Mouth

Tongue Esophagus

Interarytenoid notch

Superior lip Superior labial frenulum

Epiglottis

Vocal cords

Gingiva

Palatopharyngeal arch & m.**

Hard palate Palatine raphe Median glossoepiglottic fold

Soft palate

Palatine tonsil

Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch

Palatoglossal arch & m. **

Foramen cecum

Uvula

Vallate papillae

Palatine tonsil Posterior wall of oropharynx

Lingual tonsil Foliate papillae

Median sulcus

Tongue

Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Gingiva Vestibule Inferior labial frenulum

Apex

Inferior lip

Tongue: Taste Buds

Abbreviations



** = cut m. = muscle

Circumvallate papilla

Foramen caecum

Furrow

Lingual tonsils

Filiform papillae

Fungiform papillae Lymph follicles

Crypt

Mucous glands

Taste buds

Duct of gland

Connective tissue

Intrinsic muscle layer Lingual glands (serous glands of Ebner) Pore

Nerve fiber containing taste fibers of cranial nerve Microvilli containing taste receptors

Sustentacular cell

Squamous epithelium (stratified) Basal cells

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Taste buds

Gustatory receptor cells



TOUCH

Skin Free n. endings

Pore of sweat gland Stratum corneum

Meissner corpuscle (touch)

Hair shaft Merkel discs

Stratum lucidum

Arrector pili m.

Stratum granulosum

Sebaceous glands

Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Dermal papillae

Epidermis (touch)

Papillary layer Hair follicle: Cuticle Huxley layer Henle layer Dermis (temperature)

Reticular layer

External sheath Glassy membrane Sensory n. Connective tissue layer Corpuscle of Krause (cold)

Hypodermis

Sweat gland Sensory n. Motor n. (autonomic) Connective tissue

Sweat gland

Fat lobule

Hair matrix

v.

Hair cuticle Papilla of hair follicle Abbreviations

a. = artery a.a. = arteries fl. = flexor l. = ligament m. = muscle n. = nerve n.n. = nerves italics = bone features

Motor n. (autonomic)

External sheath Corpuscle of Ruffini (heat)

Nail body Nail bed

Distal phalanx

a.

Glassy membrane

a.a.

Nail matrix Synovial membrane Nail root Articular cartilage Cuticle Lunula

Fat

n.n.

Septa Joint cavity Palmar l. (plate)

Vater-Pacini (pacinian) corpuscle (heavy pressure)

Ex. digitorum tendon Joint capsule Middle phalanx Epiphysis

Fl. digitorum profundus tendon Synovial sheath of fl. tendons

Fibrous digital sheath

Proximal phalanx

Fl. digitorum superficialis tendon

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